Gluconeogenesis

Question 1

daily glucose req. for brain
daily glucose req for whole body

when is gluconeogenesis important

Answer 1

120g for brain
160 g for whole body
under starvation/fasting conditions

Question 2

major precursors for glucose synthesis

Answer 2

noncarbohydrate

1. lactate, amino acids and glycerol BUT NOT FAs

Question 3

gluconeogenesis does what

Answer 3

converts pyruvate into glucose

Question 4

four enzymes in gluconeogenesis, and what they do

Answer 4

1) Pyruvate carboxykinase (Pyruvate to Oxaloacetate)
bypasses last irreversible step of glycolysis
2) Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase
converts oxaloacetate to Phosphoenolpyruvate
3) Fructose-1,6-Bishosphatase
bypasses irreversible step converting F-1,6-BP into fructose-6-phosphate
4) Glucose-6-Phosphatase
bypasses irreversible step converting G6P back into glucose

Question 5

beginning with pyruvate, where does gluconeogenesis begin

Answer 5

in the mito

Question 6

where is pyruvate carboxylase found

Answer 6

in the cytoplasm of the mito

Question 7

malate shuttle

Answer 7

brings oxaloacetate from mito to cytoplasm

Question 8

how does glucose leave the liver?

Answer 8

it has to be desphophorylated by Glucose-6-Phosphatase

Question 9

glucose 6 phsophatase is located in the

Answer 9

endoplasmic reticulum