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MCM > Cellular Structures > Flashcards

Cellular Structures Flashcards

1
Q

intermediary metabolism

A

occurs in cytoplasm, which consists of cytoplasm and cytoplasmic organelles

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2
Q

post-translational changes on proteins and lipids

A

golgi apparatus

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3
Q

cell differentiation, signaling, and cell death

A

mitochondria

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4
Q

small vesciular compartments that contain enzymes used in oxidation

A

peroxisomes

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5
Q

vesicle that contains digestive enzymes that degrade organelles and biomolecules

A

lysosomes

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6
Q

Topological compartment

A

nucleus and cytosol

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7
Q

3 topological compartmentalization

A

1) nucleus and cytosol: communicate through nuclear pores
2) organelles in the secretory and endocytic pws (golgi a., ER, endosomes and lysosomes) communicate through vesicles (these organelles are considered topologically equivalent)
3) mitochondria

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8
Q

Topologically equivalent organelles

A

Theisen’s slide

“membrane budding and fusion allows the lumen of these compartments to communicate with each other and with the cell exterior”

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9
Q

ER: consists of what components and what compartments

A

cisternae (flat stacks), tubules, vesicles, divides the cytoplasm into two compartments:

luminal or cisternal compartment
cytoplasmic or cytosolic compartment

synthesizing, packaging, processing

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10
Q

Rough ER

A

parallel sacs of flat, elongated cisternae, studded with ribosomes

  1. where proteins are synthesized and modified
  2. proteins are segregated for intracellular use AND
  3. proteins are segregated for export from the cell

cells designed for secretion have lots of rough ER

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11
Q

Protein synthesis: explain how ribosomes attach to the endoplasmic reticulum

A

ribosomes attach to the ER under the guidance of the amino acid sequence of the polypeptide they’re synthesizing

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12
Q

the mechanism by which proteins meant to be secreted find their way to the ER

A

explained by the signal sequence hypothesis

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13
Q

Signal sequence

A

at the beginning of the polypeptide there is a SRP that directs newly synthesizing peptides into the ER cisternae

it is eventually removed

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14
Q

proteins exit the RER in ____ and go where?

A

vesicles, and they go to the cis-portion of the golgi apparatus

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15
Q

Smooth ER

how does it differ from the RER?

A
  1. lacks ribosomes

2. contains tubular cisternae

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16
Q

Smooth ER

functions

A 
glycogen metabolism 
lipid synthesis 
phospholipid synthesis (other membranes)
detoxification
steroidogenesis 
calcium regulation

abundent in cells that make steroids or lipids

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17
Q

Golgi apparatus or complex: consists of, faces, and their direction

A

flattened sacks called cisternae

cis side faces endoplasmic re., trans side faces plasma membrane of nucleus

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18
Q

Golgi apparatus: function

A

modification of carbohydrates
synthesis of: polysaccharide and oligosaccharide
synthesis of : sphingomyelin and glycosphingolipids
sorting secretory products (making lysosomal enzymes with mannose-6-phosphate (M6P))
packaging and sorting secretory products into secretory granules or vesicles

MAKING LYSOSOMAL ENZYMES WITH MANNOSE-6-PHOSPHATE

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19
Q

two kinds of coated vesicles in golgi transport systems

A

clathrin and COP coated

20
Q

clathrin coated vesicles

A

transport products from the golgi apparatus to lysosomes or products from the exterior of the cell to lysosomes

21
Q

COP coated vesicles

A

coating protein

transporting products between stacks of the golgi apparatus (COPI) and between ER and Golgi-cis (COPII)

22
Q

retrograde and anterograde travel

A

anterograde is between stacks

retrograde is from stacks to the golgi

23
Q

Clathrin assembly and function

A

three protein chains
clathrin connected to an adaptin, an M6P receptor to M6P

seen in exocytosis/secretory and endocytosis pathway

in the endocytosis pathway, vesicles start at the plasma membrane

24
Q

Clathrin in the endocytic PW

A

vesicles start at the plasma membrane as clathrin coated pits: clathrin connects to adaptin.

DYNAMIN PINCHES clathrin coats from membrane
ADAPTIN mediates clathrin binding to the vesicle membrane

25
Q

Dynamin disorders

A

dynamin 2: mutations in gene results in two congentical neuromuscular disorders

  1. Charcot Marie Tooth disease, affects myelination and peripheral nerve conduction
  2. Centronuclear myopathy: characterized by a progressive and generalized atrophy of skeletal muscles, yet it is also associated with abnormalities in the nervous system
26
Q

Clathrin in the endocytic PW

A

vesicles start at the plasma membrane as clathrin coated pits: clathrin connects to adaptin.

DYNAMIN PINCHES clathrin coats from membrane
ADAPTIN mediates clathrin binding to the vesicle membrane

27
Q

Dynamin disorders

A

dynamin 2: mutations in gene results in two congentical neuromuscular disorders

  1. Charcot Marie Tooth disease, affects myelination and peripheral nerve conduction
  2. Centronuclear myopathy: characterized by a progressive and generalized atrophy of skeletal muscles, yet it is also associated with abnormalities in the nervous system
28
Q

Clathrin in the endocytic PW

A

vesicles start at the plasma membrane as clathrin coated pits: clathrin connects to adaptin.

DYNAMIN PINCHES clathrin coats from membrane
ADAPTIN mediates clathrin binding to the vesicle membrane

29
Q

Dynamin disorders

A

dynamin 2: mutations in gene results in two congentical neuromuscular disorders

  1. Charcot Marie Tooth disease, affects myelination and peripheral nerve conduction
  2. Centronuclear myopathy: characterized by a progressive and generalized atrophy of skeletal muscles, yet it is also associated with abnormalities in the nervous system
30
Q

Clathrin in the endocytic PW

A

vesicles start at the plasma membrane as clathrin coated pits: clathrin connects to adaptin.

DYNAMIN PINCHES clathrin coats from membrane
ADAPTIN mediates clathrin binding to the vesicle membrane

31
Q

Dynamin disorders

A

dynamin 2: mutations in gene results in two congentical neuromuscular disorders

  1. Charcot Marie Tooth disease, affects myelination and peripheral nerve conduction
  2. Centronuclear myopathy: characterized by a progressive and generalized atrophy of skeletal muscles, yet it is also associated with abnormalities in the nervous system
32
Q

Clathrin in the endocytic PW

A

vesicles start at the plasma membrane as clathrin coated pits: clathrin connects to adaptin.

DYNAMIN PINCHES clathrin coats from membrane
ADAPTIN mediates clathrin binding to the vesicle membrane

33
Q

Dynamin disorders

A

dynamin 2: mutations in gene results in two congentical neuromuscular disorders

  1. Charcot Marie Tooth disease, affects myelination and peripheral nerve conduction
  2. Centronuclear myopathy: characterized by a progressive and generalized atrophy of skeletal muscles, yet it is also associated with abnormalities in the nervous system
34
Q

Clathrin in the endocytic PW

A

vesicles start at the plasma membrane as clathrin coated pits: clathrin connects to adaptin.

DYNAMIN PINCHES clathrin coats from membrane
ADAPTIN mediates clathrin binding to the vesicle membrane

35
Q

Dynamin disorders

A

dynamin 2: mutations in gene results in two congentical neuromuscular disorders

  1. Charcot Marie Tooth disease, affects myelination and peripheral nerve conduction
  2. Centronuclear myopathy: characterized by a progressive and generalized atrophy of skeletal muscles, yet it is also associated with abnormalities in the nervous system
36
Q

Clathrin in the endocytic PW

A

vesicles start at the plasma membrane as clathrin coated pits: clathrin connects to adaptin.

DYNAMIN PINCHES clathrin coats from membrane
ADAPTIN mediates clathrin binding to the vesicle membrane

37
Q

Dynamin disorders

A

dynamin 2: mutations in gene results in two congentical neuromuscular disorders

  1. Charcot Marie Tooth disease, affects myelination and peripheral nerve conduction
  2. Centronuclear myopathy: characterized by a progressive and generalized atrophy of skeletal muscles, yet it is also associated with abnormalities in the nervous system
38
Q

Clathrin in the endocytic PW

A

vesicles start at the plasma membrane as clathrin coated pits: clathrin connects to adaptin.

DYNAMIN PINCHES clathrin coats from membrane
ADAPTIN mediates clathrin binding to the vesicle membrane

39
Q

Dynamin disorders

A

dynamin 2: mutations in gene results in two congentical neuromuscular disorders

  1. Charcot Marie Tooth disease, affects myelination and peripheral nerve conduction
  2. Centronuclear myopathy: characterized by a progressive and generalized atrophy of skeletal muscles, yet it is also associated with abnormalities in the nervous system
40
Q

Clathrin in the endocytic PW

A

vesicles start at the plasma membrane as clathrin coated pits: clathrin connects to adaptin.

DYNAMIN PINCHES clathrin coats from membrane
ADAPTIN mediates clathrin binding to the vesicle membrane

41
Q

Dynamin disorders

A

dynamin 2: mutations in gene results in two congentical neuromuscular disorders

  1. Charcot Marie Tooth disease, affects myelination and peripheral nerve conduction
  2. Centronuclear myopathy: characterized by a progressive and generalized atrophy of skeletal muscles, yet it is also associated with abnormalities in the nervous system
42
Q

Clathrin in the endocytic PW

A

vesicles start at the plasma membrane as clathrin coated pits: clathrin connects to adaptin.

DYNAMIN PINCHES clathrin coats from membrane
ADAPTIN mediates clathrin binding to the vesicle membrane

43
Q

Dynamin disorders

A

dynamin 2: mutations in gene results in two congentical neuromuscular disorders

  1. Charcot Marie Tooth disease, affects myelination and peripheral nerve conduction
  2. Centronuclear myopathy: characterized by a progressive and generalized atrophy of skeletal muscles, yet it is also associated with abnormalities in the nervous system
44
Q

Charcot Marie Tooth disease

A

dynamin 2: mutations in gene results in two congentical neuromuscular disorders

  1. Charcot Marie Tooth disease, affects myelination and peripheral nerve conduction
45
Q

Centronuclear myopathy

A

dynamin 2: mutations in gene results in two congentical neuromuscular disorders

Centronuclear myopathy: characterized by a progressive and generalized atrophy of skeletal muscles, yet it is also associated with abnormalities in the nervous system

MCM (22 decks)

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