Biological Molecules Flashcards
nonproteogenic amino acids
non-coded or unnatural amino acids
biogenic amino acids
naturally occurring, biologically active amines
cystine
nonproteogenic amino acid, dimer consisting of two cystines via disulfide bonds
homocysteine
methionine derived but has extra methyl group
homocystine
a dimer of two homosteines attached via disulfide bonds
S-adenosylmethionine
derivitive of methionine, made up of methionine attached to ribose group of adenosine via a carbon-sulfur bond
taurine
a derivative of cystein
selenocysteine
cystein but with sulfur replaced with selenium
ornithine and citrulline
ornithine derived from glutamic acid, serves as precursor to citrulline
L dopa
derived from tyrosine
cysteamine
derived from cysteine
histamine
derived from histidine
dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine
catecholamines synthesized from L dopa
carnitine
derived from lysine AND methionine
creatine
derived from arginine, glycine, methionine
Class/Aldose and Ketose
triose
aldose = glyceraldehyde, in glycolysis and pentose pos pw ketose = dihydroxyacetone in glycolysis
class/Aldose and Ketose
tetraose
aldose = erythrose in pentose phos pw
class/Aldose and Ketose
pentose
aldose = D-ribose in DNA ketose = D-ribulose in pentose phos pw
class/Aldose and Ketose
hexose
aldose = D glucose, D galactose, D mannose ketose = D fructose
class/Aldose and Ketose
heptose
aldose = none ketose = sedoheptulose in pentose phos pw
Lipids: two classes
fatty acids and isoprenoids (5 carbon molecules)
isoprenoids
cholesterol, steroid hormones, bile acids
lipid soluble vitamins: K, A, D, E
Coenzyme Q
phosphatidic acid
glyocphospholipid
diacylglycerol with C1 attached to a phosphate group
phosphatidyl alcohol
glycerophospholipid
diacylglycerol with C1 attached to a phosphate group which is attached to an amino alcohol or sugar alcohol
four derivatives:
phosphatidylcholine
phosphatidylserine
phosphatidylethanolamine
phosphatidylinositol
