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MCM > Biological Molecules > Flashcards

Biological Molecules Flashcards

1
Q

nonproteogenic amino acids

A

non-coded or unnatural amino acids

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2
Q

biogenic amino acids

A

naturally occurring, biologically active amines

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3
Q

cystine

A

nonproteogenic amino acid, dimer consisting of two cystines via disulfide bonds

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4
Q

homocysteine

A

methionine derived but has extra methyl group

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5
Q

homocystine

A

a dimer of two homosteines attached via disulfide bonds

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6
Q

S-adenosylmethionine

A

derivitive of methionine, made up of methionine attached to ribose group of adenosine via a carbon-sulfur bond

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7
Q

taurine

A

a derivative of cystein

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8
Q

selenocysteine

A

cystein but with sulfur replaced with selenium

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9
Q

ornithine and citrulline

A

ornithine derived from glutamic acid, serves as precursor to citrulline

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10
Q

L dopa

A

derived from tyrosine

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11
Q

cysteamine

A

derived from cysteine

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12
Q

histamine

A

derived from histidine

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13
Q

dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine

A

catecholamines synthesized from L dopa

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14
Q

carnitine

A

derived from lysine AND methionine

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15
Q

creatine

A

derived from arginine, glycine, methionine

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16
Q

Class/Aldose and Ketose

triose

A 
aldose = glyceraldehyde, in glycolysis and pentose pos pw
ketose = dihydroxyacetone in glycolysis
17
Q

class/Aldose and Ketose

tetraose

A

aldose = erythrose in pentose phos pw

18
Q

class/Aldose and Ketose

pentose

A 
aldose = D-ribose in DNA 
ketose = D-ribulose in pentose phos pw
19
Q

class/Aldose and Ketose

hexose

A 
aldose = D glucose, D galactose, D mannose 
ketose = D fructose
20
Q

class/Aldose and Ketose

heptose

A 
aldose = none 
ketose = sedoheptulose in pentose phos pw
21
Q

Lipids: two classes

A

fatty acids and isoprenoids (5 carbon molecules)

22
Q

isoprenoids

A

cholesterol, steroid hormones, bile acids
lipid soluble vitamins: K, A, D, E
Coenzyme Q

23
Q

phosphatidic acid

A

glyocphospholipid

diacylglycerol with C1 attached to a phosphate group

24
Q

phosphatidyl alcohol

A

glycerophospholipid

diacylglycerol with C1 attached to a phosphate group which is attached to an amino alcohol or sugar alcohol

four derivatives:

phosphatidylcholine
phosphatidylserine
phosphatidylethanolamine
phosphatidylinositol

25
Q

Cardiolipin

A

glycerophospholipid

diacylglycerol —PO4– monoacylglycerol – PO4 – triacylglycerol

26
Q

Ceramide

A

sphingosine spine with one acyl group

27
Q

sphingomyelin

A

sphingosine with an acyl group and a phosphate group attached to a choline group

28
Q

glycolipid

A

sphingosine group attached to a sugar

four derivatives:

cerebroside
sulfatide
gluboside
ganglioside

MCM (22 decks)

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