Globalization, Cultures and Communication Flashcards
1
Q
GLOBALIZATION AND ITS EFFECT ON
COMMUNICATION
A
Globalization is greatly affected by communication and communication by globalization
2
Q
is a complex concept and a single meaning may not be able to capture its total essence
A
GLOBALIZATION
3
Q
TRUE OR FALSE
Globalization has a cultural element, as ideas and traditions are traded and assimilated..
A
TRUE
3
Q
Americas were directly connected to Asian trading routes
A
Galleon Trade
4
Q
What drives globalization? (3)
A
Colonization
Diaspora
Technologies
5
Q
Galleon Trade – connected Manila and Acapulco in _____; the first time that the Americas were directly connected to Asian trading routes
A
1571
6
Q
closely connected with the dispersion of the Jews beyond Israel.
A
DIASPORA
6
Q
This marked the beginnings of globalization.
A
Colonization
7
Q
Globalization has speeded up enormously over the last half-century
A
Technologies
8
Q
people and goods move easily across borders
A
GLOBALIZATION
9
Q
The influences of the colonizers are evident in the different cultures of the nations they colonized (e.g., language, food, clothing, beliefs, values, education, etc.).
A
Colonization
10
Q
EXAMPLES IN TECHNOLOGIES OF GLOBALIZATION
A
Internet (communication technology)
Transport
11
Q
How does globalization affect communication?
With globalization, a need for a _______
A
With globalization, a need for a common language to achieve international intelligibility is germane.
12
Q
People’s movement and inhabitation in countries outside their own
A
Diaspora
13
Q
economic concept – the integration of markets, trade and investments with few barriers to slow the flow of products and services between nations
A
GLOBALIZATION
14
Q
international trading but was not considered global yet
A
Silk Road
14
Q
a network of pathways in the ancient world that spanned from China to what is now the Middle East and to Europe;
A
Silk Road
15
Q
Most used language?
A
English
16
Q
ENL
A
Inner circle
17
Q
In the Asian context, the concept of world Englishes was introduced by
A
Braj Kachru
17
Q
English is already established as a ___________ especially in the fields of business, academics, computing, science, education, transportation, politics, and entertainment.
A
Lingua Franca
18
Q
The worldwide reach of the English language is much greater than anything achieved historically by ____ or _____ and there has never been a language as widely spoken as _____
A
Latin or French, English
19
Q
what is WE
A
World englishes
20
Q
ESL
A
Outer circle
20
EFL
Expanding circle
21
WHAT CONCENTRIC CIRCLE DOES THIS BELONG?
China
Expanding Circle
21
WHAT CONCENTRIC CIRCLE DOES THIS BELONG?
CARABEAN COUNTRIES
Expanding Circle
22
WHAT CONCENTRIC CIRCLE DOES THIS BELONG?
ISREAL
Expanding Circle
23
WHAT CONCENTRIC CIRCLE DOES THIS BELONG?
CIS
Expanding Circle
24
WHAT CONCENTRIC CIRCLE DOES THIS BELONG?
BANGLADESH
OUTER CIRLCE
25
WHAT CONCENTRIC CIRCLE DOES THIS BELONG?
INDONESIA
Expanding Circle
26
WHAT CONCENTRIC CIRCLE DOES THIS BELONG?
SOUTH AMERICA
Expanding Circle
27
WHAT CONCENTRIC CIRCLE DOES THIS BELONG?
SOUTH AFRICA
Expanding Circle
28
WHAT CONCENTRIC CIRCLE DOES THIS BELONG?
PAKISTAN
Outer Circle
28
WHAT CONCENTRIC CIRCLE DOES THIS BELONG?
KENYA
Outer Circle
29
WHAT CONCENTRIC CIRCLE DOES THIS BELONG?
MALAYSIA
Outer Circle
29
WHAT CONCENTRIC CIRCLE DOES THIS BELONG?
SRI LANKA
Outer Circle
30
WHAT CONCENTRIC CIRCLE DOES THIS BELONG?
GHANA
Outer Circle
31
WHAT CONCENTRIC CIRCLE DOES THIS BELONG?
PHILIPPINES
Outer Circle
32
WHAT CONCENTRIC CIRCLE DOES THIS BELONG?
TAZANIA
Outer Circle
33
WHAT CONCENTRIC CIRCLE DOES THIS BELONG?
TAIWAN
Expanding Circle
34
WHAT CONCENTRIC CIRCLE DOES THIS BELONG?
SAUDI ARABIA
Expanding Circle
35
WHAT CONCENTRIC CIRCLE DOES THIS BELONG?
JAPAN
Expanding Circle
36
WHAT CONCENTRIC CIRCLE DOES THIS BELONG?
EGYPT
Expanding Circle
37
WHAT CONCENTRIC CIRCLE DOES THIS BELONG?
ZIMBABWE
Expanding Circle
38
WHAT CONCENTRIC CIRCLE DOES THIS BELONG?
NEPAL
Expanding Circle
39
WHAT CONCENTRIC CIRCLE DOES THIS BELONG?
NIGERIA
Outer Circle
39
WHAT CONCENTRIC CIRCLE DOES THIS BELONG?
INDIA
Outer Circle
40
WHAT CONCENTRIC CIRCLE DOES THIS BELONG?
ZAMBIA
Outer Circle
41
WHAT CONCENTRIC CIRCLE DOES THIS BELONG?
Outer Circle
42
TRUE OR FALSE
All international communication is influenced by cultural differences.
TRUE
42
learned system of meanings that fosters a particular sense of shared identity-hood and community-hood among its group members.
CULTURE
43
CULTURAL DIVERSITY refers to people from different cultures or nations respecting each other’s differences. This respect for differences results from their understanding of ________
cultural divergence
44
types of communication styles
Types of Communication Styles
Direct or Indirect
Self-enhancing or Self-effacing
Elaborate or Understated
45
TRUE OR FALSE
Each culture has set of rules that its members take for granted.
TRUE
46
if the message if messages reveal the speaker’s true intention
Direct
47
TRUE OR FALSE
Communicating across cultures is challenging
TRUE
48
complex frame of reference that consists of a pattern of traditions, beliefs, values, norms, symbols, and meanings that are shared to varying degrees by interacting members of an identity group.
CULTURE
49
if the message camouflage the intention
Indirect
50
if the message deemphasizes aspects of self
Self-effacing
51
if the message promotes positive aspects of self.
Self-enhancing
52
if there is extensive use of silence, pauses, and understatements
understated
53
if there is a use of rich expressions
elaborate
54
Communication types
Low Context or High Context
Sequential or Synchronic
Affective or Neutral
55
leave much of the message unspecified, to be understood through context, nonverbal cues, and between –the-lines interpretation of what actually said (Mediterranean, Slav, Central European, Latin American, African, Arab, Asian, American-Indian)
High context cultures
56
expect messages to be explicit and specific (most Germanic and English-speaking countries)
Low context cultures
57
Business people give full attention to one agenda item after another (North American, English, German, Swedish, and Dutch)
SEQUENTIAL CULTURES
58
The flow of time is viewed as a sort of circle, with the past, present, and future all interrelated (South America, southern Europe, and Asia)
SYNCHRONIC CULTURES
59
emotionally neutral in the approach; do not telegraph their feelings, but keep them carefully controlled and subdued
Neutral
60
readily showing emotions; in cultures with high affect, people show their feelings plainly
Affective
61
It is the sharing of meaning with and receiving and interpreting ideas from people with different cultural backgrounds from yours.
INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION
62
Intercultural communication Variation:
Interracial
Interethnic
International
Intra-cultural
63
The interaction between persons representing different political structures
INTERNATIONAL COMMUNICATION
64
Interaction among people with different ethnic groups
INTERETHNIC COMMUNICATION
65
The interaction among people of different races
INTERRACIAL COMMUNICATION
66
The interaction that includes all forms of communication among members of the same racial, ethnic, and subculture groups
INTRA-CULTURAL COMMUNICATION
67
Other Dimensions of Cultural Differences:
(7)
Power Distance
Individualism & Collectivism
Ethnocentrism
Cultural Relativism
Intercultural
communication apprehension / anxiety
Gender Dimensions
Generation Culture
68
people accept authority and hierarchical organization as a natural part of their culture.
Power distance
69
the tendency of people in a given culture to value group identity over individual identity, group obligation over individual rights, and group- oriented concerns over individual wants and desires.
collectivism
70
It is the tendency of people in a given culture to value individual identity over group identity.
individualism
71
It is a belief that one’s own culture is superior and better than the others
ETHNOCENTRISM
72
It sees other cultures equal to their own..
CULTURAL RELATIVISM
73
defined intercultural communication apprehension as ‘the fear and anxiety associated with either real or anticipated communication with people.
INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION APPREHENSION/ANXIETY
74
who defined intercultural communication apprehension/anxiety
neuliep and mccroskey 1997
75
Masculine cultures value ______. While feminine cultures place more value on ______and interpersonal relationships (Tubbs 2013, 293)
work, strength, competition and assertiveness
affection, compassion, nurturing,
75
_____ argue that gender is a social variable that could account for language and communication differences.
sociolinguists
76
TRUE OR FALSE
but the differences need not be interpreted as to which gender demonstrates a better and more positive communication patterns or which gender seems to be more inferior. Awareness, instead, leads to better and deeper understanding of someone in communication situations.
TRUE
77
TRUE OR FALSE
Every generation or age group may also use its own unique set of jargons or lingos in their casual conversations.
TRUE
78
Their era’s trends, popular events, movies, television shows, radio programs, songs, and literature among many other machineries could introduce these lingos.
GENERATION CULTURE DIFFERENCES IN COMMUNICATION
79
Varieties and Registers of Spoken and Written Languages
(5)
Frozen
Formal
Consultative
Informal (Casual or Intimate)
Neutral
80
The most formal register.
The language is fixed or constant.
Does not change overtime.
Does not require feedback.
FROZEN REGISTER
81
E.g., Superior and subordinate conversation, client and doctor consultation, teacher and student conversation, employer and employee conversation
CONSULTATIVE REGISTER
82
E.g, Formal ceremonies, national anthem, prose or poetry, religious services
FROZEN REGISTER
83
Language is laid-back and conversational; it is focused in gaining information.
INFORMAL REGISTER (CASUAL)
84
Language used is specifically to solicit aid, support or intervention
CONSULTATIVE REGISTER
85
This is used in formal and ceremonial settings.
Language requires formal English (standard variety)
Well-documented agreed upon vocabulary
Written without emotion.
FROZEN REGISTER
86
E.g., writing to friends, family conversations, personal e-mails, phone texts, short notes, friendly letters, most blog, diary and journals
INFORMAL REGISTER (CASUAL)
87
Eg., Professional writing, Essays, reports, business correspondence, interview, court proceedings, business meeting
FORMAL REGISTER
88
In the setting, one person is deemed expert, and the other person is the receiver of such expertise.
CONSULTATIVE REGISTER
89
The setting is between persons who share close relationships or bonds
Language is casual and personal
Uses terms of endearment, slang or terms understandable to only one person
INFORMAL REGISTER (INTIMATE)
90
E.g, lovers, best friends formulating slangs based on some shared experience
INFORMAL REGISTER (INTIMATE)
91
FACTORS THAT MAY AFFECT INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION
Cultural Identity
Racial Identity
Social Class
Gender and Role Identity
Age
Individual Personality
Proxemics
Clothing and Physical Appearance
Paralanguage
Facial Expressions and Eye Contact
Gestures and Body Stance
92
REACTION TO CULTURAL COMMUNICATION ENCOUNTERS (3)
Assimilation
Accommodation
Separation
93
Language is neither formal or informal nor usually positive or negative; it sticks to facts and deals with non-emotional topics and information.
NEUTRAL REGISTER
93
Technical writing, reviews, articles, some letters, some essays
NEUTRAL REGISTER
