Globalization, Cultures, and Communication Flashcards
____________ is a complex concept and a single meaning may not be able to capture its total essence. Also, its definition depends on which lens one looks at it
globalization
In simple terms, it is the process by which people and goods move easily across borders.
globalization
Principally, it’s an economic concept – the integration of markets, trade and investments with few barriers to slow the flow of products and services between nations. There is also a cultural element, as ideas and traditions are traded and assimilated.
globalization
2 events that played a role in how globalization happened
Silk road, galleon trade
a network of pathways in the ancient world that spanned from China to what is now the Middle East and to Europe; international trading but was not considered global yet
silk road
connected Manila and Acapulco in 1571; the first time that the Americans were directly connected to Asian trading routes
galleon trade
3 things that drives globalization
- colonization
- diaspora
- technologies
- This marked the beginnings of globalization.
- The influences of the colonizers are evident in the different cultures of the nations they colonized (e.g., language, food, clothing, beliefs, values, education, etc.).
Colonization
- Oxford dictionary suggests that ____ is closely connected with the dispersion of the Jews beyond Israel.
- In this era, this is a phenomenon that refers to people’s movement and inhabitation in countries outsider their own
diaspora
- Globalization has speeded up enormously over the last half-century, thanks to great leaps in technology.
- Examples:
- Internet (communication technology)
- Transport
Technologies
_____ or varieties of English actually stands for the localized varieties of English as they are used and spoken in certain areas
World Englishes (WE)
Circle with ENL (English as a native language) member countries
Inner circle
Who introduced the concept of World Englishes (WE) in the Asian context
Braj Kachru
circle with ESL (English as a second language member countries)
Outer circle
circle with EFL (English as a foreign language member countries)
expanding circle
____ is a learned system of meanings that fosters a particular sense of shared identity-hood and community-hood among its group members
Culture
It is a complex frame of reference that consists of a pattern of traditions, beliefs, values, norms, symbols, and meanings that are shared to varying degrees by interacting members of an identity group
culture
This refers to people from different cultures or nations respecting each other’s differences. This respect for differences results from their understanding of cultural divergence, i.e., how people process communication, how other people speak, and how these people see and understand the world around them
cultural diversity
6 communication styles
- direct
- indirect
- self-enhancing
- self-effacing
- elaborate
- understated
6 other communication types
- low context
- high context
- sequential
- synchronic
- affective
- neutral
- expect messages to be explicit and specific (most Germanic and English-speaking countries)
low context cultures
- leave much of the message unspecified, to be understood through context, nonverbal cues, and between –the-lines interpretation of what actually said (Mediterranean, Slav, Central European, Latin American, African, Arab, Asian, American-Indian)
high context culture
Business people give full attention to one agenda item after another (North American, English, German, Swedish, and Dutch)
sequential cultures
The flow of time is viewed as a sort of circle, with the past, present, and future all interrelated (South America, southern Europe, and Asia)
synchronic cultures
