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PCOM > Globalization, Cultures, and Communication > Flashcards

Globalization, Cultures, and Communication Flashcards

1
Q

____________ is a complex concept and a single meaning may not be able to capture its total essence. Also, its definition depends on which lens one looks at it

A

globalization

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2
Q

In simple terms, it is the process by which people and goods move easily across borders.

A

globalization

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3
Q

Principally, it’s an economic concept – the integration of markets, trade and investments with few barriers to slow the flow of products and services between nations. There is also a cultural element, as ideas and traditions are traded and assimilated.

A

globalization

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4
Q

2 events that played a role in how globalization happened

A

Silk road, galleon trade

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5
Q

a network of pathways in the ancient world that spanned from China to what is now the Middle East and to Europe; international trading but was not considered global yet

A

silk road

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6
Q

connected Manila and Acapulco in 1571; the first time that the Americans were directly connected to Asian trading routes

A

galleon trade

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7
Q

3 things that drives globalization

A
  • colonization
  • diaspora
  • technologies
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8
Q
  • This marked the beginnings of globalization.
  • The influences of the colonizers are evident in the different cultures of the nations they colonized (e.g., language, food, clothing, beliefs, values, education, etc.).
A

Colonization

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9
Q
  • Oxford dictionary suggests that ____ is closely connected with the dispersion of the Jews beyond Israel.
  • In this era, this is a phenomenon that refers to people’s movement and inhabitation in countries outsider their own
A

diaspora

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10
Q
  • Globalization has speeded up enormously over the last half-century, thanks to great leaps in technology.
  • Examples:
  • Internet (communication technology)
  • Transport
A

Technologies

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11
Q

_____ or varieties of English actually stands for the localized varieties of English as they are used and spoken in certain areas

A

World Englishes (WE)

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12
Q

Circle with ENL (English as a native language) member countries

A

Inner circle

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12
Q

Who introduced the concept of World Englishes (WE) in the Asian context

A

Braj Kachru

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13
Q

circle with ESL (English as a second language member countries)

A

Outer circle

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14
Q

circle with EFL (English as a foreign language member countries)

A

expanding circle

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15
Q

____ is a learned system of meanings that fosters a particular sense of shared identity-hood and community-hood among its group members

A

Culture

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16
Q

It is a complex frame of reference that consists of a pattern of traditions, beliefs, values, norms, symbols, and meanings that are shared to varying degrees by interacting members of an identity group

A

culture

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17
Q

This refers to people from different cultures or nations respecting each other’s differences. This respect for differences results from their understanding of cultural divergence, i.e., how people process communication, how other people speak, and how these people see and understand the world around them

A

cultural diversity

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18
Q

6 communication styles

A
  • direct
  • indirect
  • self-enhancing
  • self-effacing
  • elaborate
  • understated
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19
Q

6 other communication types

A
  • low context
  • high context
  • sequential
  • synchronic
  • affective
  • neutral
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20
Q
  • expect messages to be explicit and specific (most Germanic and English-speaking countries)
A

low context cultures

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21
Q
  • leave much of the message unspecified, to be understood through context, nonverbal cues, and between –the-lines interpretation of what actually said (Mediterranean, Slav, Central European, Latin American, African, Arab, Asian, American-Indian)
A

high context culture

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22
Q

Business people give full attention to one agenda item after another (North American, English, German, Swedish, and Dutch)

A

sequential cultures

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23
Q

The flow of time is viewed as a sort of circle, with the past, present, and future all interrelated (South America, southern Europe, and Asia)

A

synchronic cultures

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24
Q

readily showing emotions; in cultures with high ____________, people show their feelings plainly

A

affective

25
Q

emotionally neutral in the approach; do not telegraph their feelings, but keep them carefully controlled and subdued

A

neutral

26
Q

It is the sharing of meaning with and receiving and interpreting ideas from people with different cultural backgrounds from yours. In an intercultural society, people grow and learn from one another.

A

intercultural communication

27
Q

4 intercultural communication variations

A

Interracial
Interethnic
International
Intra-cultural

28
Q

The interaction among people of different races

A

interracial communication

29
Q

Interaction among people with different ethnic groups

A

interethnic communication

30
Q

The interaction between persons representing different political structures

A

international communication

31
Q

The interaction that includes all forms of communication among members of the same racial, ethnic, and subculture groups

A

intra-cultural communication

32
Q

This refers to the degree by which people accept authority and hierarchical organization as a natural part of their culture.

A

power distance

33
Q

It is the tendency of people in a given culture to value individual identity over group identity.

A

individualism

34
Q

It is the opposite concept of individualism in which the tendency of people in a given culture to value group identity over individual identity, group obligation over individual rights, and group- oriented concerns over individual wants and desires

A

collectivism

35
Q

It is a belief that one’s own culture is superior and better than the others.

A

ethnocentrism

36
Q

It sees other cultures equal to their own.

A

cultural relativism

37
Q

Neuliep and McCroskey (1997) defined __________ as ‘the fear and anxiety associated with either real or anticipated communication with people.

A

intercultural communication apprehension

38
Q

____ and ___ (1997) defined intercultural communication apprehension as ‘the fear and anxiety associated with either real or anticipated communication with people.

A

Neuliep , McCroskey

39
Q

____ argue that gender is a social variable that could account for language and communication differences.

A

Sociolinguists

40
Q

_______ value work, strength, competition and assertiveness

A

Masculine cultures

41
Q

_____ place more value on affection, compassion, nurturing, and interpersonal relationships.

A

feminine cultures

42
Q

____ pertains to the level and style of your writing or speaking.

A

Language register

43
Q
  • The most formal register.
  • The language is fixed or constant.
  • Does not change overtime.
  • Does not require feedback.
  • E.g, Formal ceremonies, national anthem, prose or poetry, religious services
A

Frozen register

44
Q
  • This is used in formal and ceremonial settings.
  • Language requires formal English (standard variety)
  • Well-documented agreed upon vocabulary
  • Written without emotion.
  • Eg., Professional writing, Essays, reports, business correspondence, interview, court proceedings, business meeting
A

formal register

45
Q
  • Language used is specifically to solicit aid, support or intervention
  • In the setting, one person is deemed expert, and the other person is the receiver of such expertise.
  • E.g., Superior and subordinate conversation, client and doctor consultation, teacher and student conversation, employer and employee conversation
A

consultative register

46
Q
  • Language is laid-back and conversational; it is focused in gaining information.
  • Language uses slang, jargon and contractions
  • E.g., writing to friends, family conversations, personal e-mails, phone texts, short notes, friendly letters, most blog, diary and journals
A

Informal register (casual)

47
Q
  • The setting is between persons who share close relationships or bonds
  • Language is casual and personal
  • Uses terms of endearment, slang or terms understandable to only one person
  • E.g, lovers, best friends formulating slangs based on some shared experience
A

Informal register (intimate)

48
Q
  • Language is neither formal or informal nor usually positive or negative; it sticks to facts and deals with non-emotional topics and information.
  • E.g., Technical writing, reviews, articles, some letters, some essays
A

Neutral register

49
Q

Identify if these countries are in expanding circle, outer circle, or inner circle: China, Indonesia, Korea, South Africa, CIS

A

Expanding circle

50
Q

Identify if these countries are in expanding circle, outer circle, or inner circle: Caribbean countries, Israel, Nepal, South America, Zimbabwe

A

Expanding Circle

51
Q

Identify if these countries are in expanding circle, outer circle, or inner circle: Egypt, Japan, Saudi Arabia, Taiwan

A

Expanding Circle

52
Q

Identify if these countries are in expanding circle, outer circle, or inner circle: Bangladesh, Kenya, Pakistan, Sri Lanka

A

Outer Circle

53
Q

Identify if these countries are in expanding circle, outer circle, or inner circle: Ghana, Malaysia, Philippines, Tanzania

A

Outer circle

54
Q

Identify if these countries are in expanding circle, outer circle, or inner circle: India, Nigeria, Singapore, Zambia

A

Outer circle

55
Q

Identify if these countries are in expanding circle, outer circle, or inner circle: USA, UK, Canada, Australia, New Zealand

A

Inner Circle

56
Q

Identify the register being used: Formal ceremonies, national anthem, prose or poetry, religious services

A

frozen register

57
Q

Identify the register being used: professional writing, essays, reports, business correspondence, interview, court proceedings, business meeting

A

formal register

58
Q

Identify the register being used: superior and subordinate conversation, client and doctor consultation, teacher and student conversation, employer and employee conversation

A

consultative register

59
Q

Identify the register being used: writing to friends, family conversations, personal e-mails, phone texts, short notes, friendly letters, most blog, diary and journals

A

informal register (casual)

60
Q

Identify the register being used: lovers, best friends slangs based on some shared experiences

A

informal register (intimate)

61
Q

Identify the register being used: technical writing, reviews, articles, some letters, some essays

A

neutral register

PCOM (8 decks)

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