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global governance > globalisation > Flashcards

globalisation Flashcards

1
Q

long term migrant

A

a person who moves to another country for at least 1 year

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2
Q

short term migrant

A

a person who moves to another country for at least 3 months, but less than a year

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3
Q

international migration

A

the movement of people away from their place of usual residence and across an international border to a country of which they are not nationals

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4
Q

net migration

A

the difference between the number of emigrants and the number of immigrants

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5
Q

the two categories for immigrants in the uk

A
  1. eu nationals
  2. no eu nationals
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6
Q

economic migrant

A

a person who migrates to seek a better standard of living or to escape poverty

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7
Q

refugee

A

a person who has been forced to leave their country in order to escape war, persecution or natural disaster. they have legal rights in their destination country

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8
Q

asylum seeker

A

a person who has fled their home country but does not have refugee status in their destination country

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9
Q

intra regional flows

A

migration within a region
eg within the eu

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10
Q

inter regional flows

A

migration outside of a region (eg eu national migrating to Australia)

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11
Q

multiplier effect

A

the snowballing of economic activity, triggering by investment which causes an increase in employment and therefore spending. alternatively, when industry decline in an area causing unemployment and degradation

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12
Q

brain drain

A

when, relative to the population size, a large number of highly educated or skilled people emigrate

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13
Q

immigration

A

people arriving in their destination country

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14
Q

emigration

A

people leaving their country of origin

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15
Q

cumulative causation

A

the process of self sustaining economic growth in a city or region, triggered by an initial investment which acts as a catalyst for further development

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16
Q

globalisation

A

the increasing interconnectedness and interdependence of the world economically, socially, politically and culturally

17
Q

diaspora

A

the spread or dispersion of people from their country of origin

18
Q

migrant remittances

A

money sent home by migrants to family members in their country of origin

19
Q

push factor

A

negative factors in a migrant’s country of origin

20
Q

pull factor

A

perceived advantages to a migrant of their destination country

21
Q

nation state

A

a political community bound together by citizenship and nationality

22
Q

nation

A
  • a group of people who self identify as belonging to a group or community
  • may be characterised by political or religious ideas, language, territory of culture
23
Q

sovereignty

A
  • absolute and unlimited power and authority
  • in the uk, parliament is sovereign
  • one of the main anti eu arguments stems from the threat of eu laws having sovereignty over parliament
  • nations are reluctant to surrender sovereignty to international bodies
24
Q

features of a nation

A
  • self identifying community that doesn’t necessarily have sovereignty
  • not necessarily recognised by the international community
    not necessarily possessing a state (eg Kurds)
  • defined territory not needed
  • nations can live in more than one state
25
Q

features of state

A
  • political entity with sovereignty
  • recognised by the international community
  • could contain more than one nation (eg the uk)
  • defined territory needed
  • states cannot cross the boundaries into other states
  • a state can have sovereignty of absolute power over somewhere and conflict is often based on competing claims (eg Falkland Islands, Kashmir)
26
Q

the four elements a state must have

A
  1. permanent population
  2. functioning and effective government
  3. defined territory
  4. recognition by other nation states
27
Q

examples of nations that are not nation states

A
  • Wales
  • Scotland
  • Bretons (France)
  • Bavarians (Germany)
28
Q

what barriers prevent nations becoming nation states

A
  • cultural differences
  • government corruption
  • undefined territory
  • transient population
29
Q

causes of failed states

A
  • failed governments as a result of colonialism
  • war (can cause famine)
  • lack of sovereignty
  • lack of control of their own natural resources
30
Q

effects of failed states

A
  • civil war
  • poverty
  • lack of social services and infrastructure
  • ethnic cleansing
  • lack of focus on sustainability
  • houses and businesses destroyed
31
Q

responses to failed states

A
  • un interventions
  • ngos
  • emergency responses (health, food, clean water)
32
Q

Tuvalu (island on the front line of climate change)

A
  • increased frequency in flooding
  • likely uninhabitable by 2050
  • 1/3 of Tuvaluans live in New Zealand
  • salt water is killing crops and destroying fertile land, most food has to be exported and is too expensive
  • they may loose their culture, way of life and language therefore by extension their identity
33
Q

globalisation flows - information, technology and capital

A
  • cheap, reliable and near instantaneous communication globally allows information and capital to be shared
  • money flows electronically around the world, HICs invest in LICs to take advantage of cheaper production costs
  • technology largely ignores political boundaries when connecting people
  • countries (eg india) provide a range of financial and IT services for HICs (outsourcing)
34
Q

globalisation flows - products and labour

A
  • global transport systems have never been cheaper and more efficient in moving people and goods
  • tourists travel to far away places and are encouraged by global marketing
  • people move around the world for employment (eg specialist workers)
  • high speed rail networks and international transport hubs
35
Q

globalisation flows - patterns of production, distribution and consumption

A
  • TNCs dictate where their products are made, it is usually where labour costs are cheaper in LICs
  • products are distributed around the world to meet the demand of consumers in HICs
36
Q

globalisation flows - services and global marketing

A
  • TNCs use the same adverts to advertise their products in different parts of the world
    marketing is now globalised, it uses international strategies to deliver inter continental imagery and messages
  • services follow the flows of capital, information, people and products
37
Q

globalisation flows/effects

A
  • the world has never been more accessible; there are new opportunities and threats (eg the spread of disease)
  • global financial systems: banks and financial services operate globally, they are linked together by vital transmission systems that allow the lending and flow of money
  • Eg the 2007 collapse of US house prices led to a credit squeeze and the a global banking crisis
  • trade agreements without global trading rules, would resist some foreign exploits whilst favouring others (eg WTO 1994)
    security: as national barriers become less of a barrier to a more mobile and well informed population, trading security measures have been reduced in relative significance
  • high profile leaks of sensitive information have brought the issue of cyber security to prominence due to a reliance on information systems
  • in the uk, the average cost of the most severe online security breaches for big corporations start at £15million

global governance (10 decks)

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