global paediatrics Flashcards
what is done to try and prevent mother to child transmission of HIV?
- maternal lifelong antiretroviral treatment
- screen & treating STDs
- infant prophylaxis & co-trimoxazole for 6 wks
*test child at 6wks, 9 months, 18 months, 6wks after breastfeeding
what is presentation of child with HIV?
- recurrent common childhood illness (otitis media, diarrhoea)
- recurrent oral candidiasis not responding to treatment
- failure to thrive
- generalised lymphadenopathy
- hepatosplenomegaly
- fever
- encephalopathy
what is treatment of HIV?
- NRTI, nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors e.g. abacavir
- NNRTI - non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor e.g. efavirenz
- Protease inhibitor e.g. kaletra
- vaccinations
what are risk factors for TB?
- HIV
- malnutrition
- household contact
what is presentation of TB?
- chronic cough or fever >2 weeks
- night sweats
- weight loss
- lymphadenopathy
what is investigation and management for TB?
investigate with chest x-ray, mantoux tuberculin skin test or ziehl-neelsen stain
manage = RIPE antibiotics (rifampicin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, ethambutol)
what is most severe malaria bug?
plasmodium falciparum (can rapidly progress to cerebral malaria, seizures & coma)
treat w artesunate (IM or IV)
what should be given immediately on admission to hospital if severely malnourished?
risk of hypoglycaemia so give 10% glucose
what way should you hydrate child?
if can use NG tube to rehydrate slowly (more IV if in shock)
