child development Flashcards
what age do most children crawl by?
10 months
what age do most children walk by?
18 months
what are the palmar and plantar reflexes of babies?
palmar reflex = when touch babies hand and they grip your finger
plantar reflex = when touch baby foot and stretches toes
what is moro reflex?
when make sudden movement like pretend to drop baby and they fling arms out
what age should the palmar/plantar reflex and moro reflex and asymmetric tonic neck reflex be GONE by?
they should all be gone by 6 months latest (if not gone then limits movements etc so issues like cerebral palsy)
what are the ages that gross motor developments happen? (think start head, shoulders, knees & toes)
- HEAD: head control = 3 months
- SHOULDER: starting to push up when lying = 3-6 months
- HIPS: sit up = 6 months
- KNEES: crawling = 9-10 months
- FEET: walking = 18 months
*also stairs & jumping = 2yrs, hopping/balancing on foot = 4 yrs
what is the parachute reflex of baby?
when push baby and puts out arm to prevent fall
what ages are associated with fine motor milestones?
hand grasp = 3 months
grasp toys = 6 months
tower of 3 = 18 months
tower of 6 = 2 yrs
tower of 9 = 3 yrs
draw simple man = 4 yrs
age x3 = tower height
what are ages for speech & language milestones?
babble = 3 months
imitate noise = 9 months
1st word = 12 months
point to body parts = 18 months
name objects & follow simple instructions = 2yrs
short phrases = 3yr
what is receptive vs expressive language?
receptive = understands
expressive = speaks
what are ages for social behaviour milestones?
social smile = 6 weeks (IMPORTANT)
pleasure on friendly handling = 3 months
play w feet & strangers = 6 months
peek a boo/stranger aware = 9 months
then starts to play & interact more, start with symbolic play and the start to interact more with peers
what is object permanence?
at like 9 months you look for item if covered by cloth etc →when baby if something falls off table its gone, never coming back
what are areas of development? (4)
- gross motor
- fine motor
- speech & language
- social behaviour & play
what is facial appearance of fragile X syndrome?
long narrow face with prominent chin & forehead
what are the 3 most important measurements in examination?
- height
- weight
- head circumference
what are the red flags of abnormal development?
- asymmetry of movement/tone
- delay in 2 or more areas of development
- can’t sit by 12 months or walk by 18 months
- persistent primitive reflexes
- no speech or pointing by 18 months
- concerns of vision or hearing
- loss of skills at any age
what imaging needed for cerebral palsy?
MRI
what are buzzwordy things for tuberous sclerosis?
shagreen patches, ash leaf, periungual haematomas
what investigation if not walking?
CK (for duchenne’s but just do any case not walking at 18 months)
what investigation if neurological problems?
MRI
what investigation do if speech & language issue?
hearing test
what mode of inheritance is duchenne?
x linked recessive
what is asymmetric tonic neck reflex?
arm & leg stretch out every time turn head
what developmental delay associated with oculocutaneous albinism?
has issues with eyes so associated with fine motor skills
