Global governance

Question 1

What is global governance?

Answer 1

’ sum of the many ways individuals and institutions, public and private, manage their global affairs ‘

Question 2

What are the issues associated with attempt at global governance?

Answer 2

Individual states are more susceptible to adopt common policies

Question 3

What are the inequalities seen in global governance?

Answer 3

The jurisdictional gap
The incentive gap
The participation gap

Question 4

What is the jurisdictional gap?

Answer 4

The gap between the increasing need for global governance in areas such as health and water security and the lack of a higher power to take action

Question 5

What is the incentive gap?

Answer 5

The gap between the need for international corporation and the motivation to undertake it

Question 6

What is the participation gap?

Answer 6

The fact that international corporation is mainly influenced by governments, leaving civil society groups on the fringes of decision/policy making

Question 7

Name some of the purposes of the UN

Answer 7

• Maintain world peace and security
• Eradicate and prevent global hunger
• Develop friendly relations
• Protect refugees worldwide

Question 8

Name some issues the UN had created:

Answer 8

• Powerful military states ignore UN security mandates (e.g China, North Korea)
• Some governments have a greater influence in the UN (e.g France, USA, UK)

Question 9

What are the aims of the WTO?

Answer 9

• Take responsibility in managing trade in an increasingly inter-related world
• Reduce global injustice and inequalities
• Supports negotiations into reducing exploitative practices used by some TNC’s
• Responsible for removing protectionist policies used in some trading blocs

Question 10

Name some issues the WTO had created:

Answer 10

• Some countries are seen to be favoured more by WTO than others
• World trade negotiations are best tackled globally rather than bilaterally

Question 11

What are the aims of the WHO + examples of success?

Answer 11

• Eradicate and combat the spread of global diseases

- Eradicated smallpox in 1979 and near eradicated polio through global vaccination programs

Question 12

Name some issues the WHO had created:

Answer 12

• Criticised with delays when combating the 2014 Ebola outbreak
• Inability to prevent the spread of HIV/AIDS in Africa

Question 13

What are the aims of NGOs + definition?

Answer 13

(Non-Governmental Organisations)

• Influencing governmental decisions, protecting human rights and reducing poverty
• Providing support and resources in times of needs or organising campaigns

Question 14

Name some issues with NGOs:

Answer 14

Rely on donations, meaning a lack of funding can limit the scale of improvements they can make

Question 15

What are the aims of the UNDP + definition:

Answer 15

United Nations Development Programme

• Eradicating poverty and reducing inequality and exclusion
• Drive to meet the MDGs (Millennium Development Goals)

Question 16

Name some issues with the UNDP:

Answer 16

• This institution has less power than one such as the WTO

- Very few of the MDG targets were met

Question 17

What are the aims of the Earth Summit and Agenda 21?

Answer 17

• Plans intended to be cascaded from national governments to local authorities, encouraging more sustainable living
• Top down approach trying to encourage bottom up response from individuals

Question 18

Name some issues with the Earth Summit and Agenda 21:

Answer 18

• Plans are voluntary and not compulsory

- Not all countries signed up to Agenda 21

Question 19

Why is global governance needed?

Answer 19

• Due to globalisation TNCs are gaining more power to control resources, capital and labour. Global governance aims to regulate this process.
• Increased global commons required international cooperation to manage issues at a range of scales.