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CUE - Case studies Flashcards

1
Q

Name an example of a postmodern western city

A

Las Vegas, Nevada

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2
Q

Why is Las Vegas a postmodern city

A
  • Government work in partnership with private corporations to plan infrastructure to accommodate tourists
  • Unusual urban architecture and landscape
  • Fragmented structure where builders are free to build what they want where they want
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3
Q

How did Las Vegas become a postmodern city

A

The building of the Hoover dam and the introduction of the railroad brought many workers to the area. Casinos and entertainment venues were built to accommodate the workers; the strip massively expanded from here and brought the construction of large postmodern complexes.

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4
Q

Name an example of a river restoration scheme

A

Blue Loop, Sheffield City Centre (River Don)

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5
Q

Describe the contributions towards the restoration of the River Don

A
  • Funding and management from Sheffield Development Corporation
  • Additional funding from Natural England and the National Lottery haw allowed redevelopment to develop into a multi-purpose conservation area
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6
Q

Name some of the project outcomes of the Blue Loop project

A
  • Encouraging biodiversity by restoring ecosystems and preserving habitats
  • Engaging local communities through volunteering and family events
  • Reducing flood risk by increasing vegetation on floodplains and incorporating SUDS techniques
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7
Q

Shortage of housing

A

Tower of David, Venezuela
constructed to be an office complex but ceased due to a banking crisis
45 story tower housing 1,000 of squatters

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8
Q

Problems in slums

A

Pee Poo bags, Nairobi

hygienic safe solution to rid of waste

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9
Q

Site and service schemes

A

Chennai, India
people buy/rent land with access to basic facilities and transport links
people build homes on the land using loans

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10
Q

Core housing schemes

A

Chennai, India

authorities provide basic structure

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11
Q

Self help schemes

A

Manila

people given tools and training to improve the area

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12
Q

Shortage of housing in HIC

A

London

shortage of affordable housing

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13
Q

Gentrification

A

Notting Hill

known for attractive terraces and high-end shopping

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14
Q

Lack of urban services and waste disposal

A

Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

lack of waste disposal leads to blocked drainage systems and health problems

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15
Q

Urban traffic solutions

A

London M25

London congestion charge

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16
Q

Urban resurgence

A

NYC Highline

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17
Q

Unemployment and underemployment

A

Street vendors, India

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18
Q

Counter-urbanisation

A

Dickens Heath

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19
Q

Deindustrialisation

A

London docklands
containerisation; docks were not deep enough for larger ships
environmental: dereliction, vandalism
social: poor health, low education
economic: unemployment, manufacturing centres suffered

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20
Q

Urban regeneration

A

London Docklands
Canary Warf built; office and retail space, popular for major companies
close proximity to city centre made it an ideal office complex
extended underground routes

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21
Q

City challenge

A 
Hulme, Manchester 
high rise flats build - 5,500 dwellings 
reduced crime 
money allocated on competitive advantage rather than need
buildings knocked down and replaced
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22
Q

Special enterprise zone

A

Shenzhen, China
encourage new business
tax breaks and government support

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23
Q

Out of town shopping

A

Merry Hill, Dudley

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24
Q

Town mixed centre development

A

Brindley place, Birmingham

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25
Cultural and heritage quarters
Jewellery quarter, Birmingham | protects heritage through National Lottery Heritage Fund schemes
26
Fortress landscapes
Gated communities, Solihull
27
Edge cities
LA, USA
28
Inequality
Sparkhill, Birmingham
29
Economic inequality
Stratford road transect
30
Cultural diversity - London
History of immigration has lead to mixture of cultures | More than 300 languages spoken
31
Historical history - London
Most populous city - capital city | Previously developed as a port
32
Geographical location - London
10 degrees warmer than surrounding rural areas | At risk of flooding due to climate change
33
Social well being - London
Fear of crime and gang violence | Many working multiple jobs
34
Economic well being - London
Largest average of disposable housing income | Jobs paying below minimum wage
35
Nature and impact of physical environment - London
10 degrees warmer than surrounding rural areas | At risk of flooding due to climate change
36
Sustainability projects - London
Social: additional housing, leisure facilities and investments in education Environmental: congestion charge, cycle lanes, hybrid buses Economic: living wage provides money for essentials
37
Cultural diversity - Mumbai
2 out of 3 residents identify as Hindu | 16 major languages spoken
38
Historical context - Mumbai
Previously a trading centre for local goods such as gold, jewellery and textiles
39
Geographical location - Mumbai
West coat of India | Natural deep water harbour
40
Social well being - Mumbai
60% live in slums | Population doubled since 1991
41
Economic well being - Mumbai
In 2015 accounted for 33% of the countries income | Largest single contributor in India
42
Nature and impact of physical environment - Mumbai
Tropical climate brings heavy rainstorms Low lying land prone to flooding Uncontrolled development leaves nowhere for the rain to run
43
Sustainability projects - Mumbai
Greater Mumbai Disaster Management Plan: identified risks of the city to prepare for another disaster New housing projects Improving the lives of slum dwellers
44
Tackling poverty
Living wage, London
45
Cultural diversity
London, Birmingham, Liverpool
46
Segregation
Detroit, USA
47
Fog
London
48
Wind
Burj Khalifa, Dubai
49
Smog
London
50
Clean Air act
UK
51
Air pollution control
Park and ride ULEZ HS2
52
Urban drainage
LA river, USA
53
Issues associated with Chenggyecheon river
- Poor water quality - No vegetation so no evapotranspiration - River enclosed preventing evaporation
54
Aims of Chenggyecheon river restoration
- Improve quality of life - Pedestrian corridor - Increase business
55
Features of Chenggyecheon river restoration
- 22 bridges added | - Car use discourages rapid bus lanes added
56
Impacts of Chenggyecheon river restoration
Social: increased tourism, 15% increase in bus riders Environmental: flood protection, increased biodiversity, reduced temperatures Economic: increased price of land 30-50%, increased number of businesses
57
E-waste
Chengdu, China
58
Waste management
Smokey mountains, Manila
59
Waste reduction
Tyseley incinerator, Birmingham
60
Landfill
Semakau, Singapore
61
Water pollution
Colorado river, USA
62
Managing water pollution
Thames Tideway
63
Dereliction
London Docklands
64
Copenhagen development
Social: only 2% work more than 40 hours a week, lower stress levels Environmental: wind farms produce 4% of energy, greenbelts to limit urban sprawl Economic: home to international companies, held onto independent shops
65
Regeneration
``` Olympic park, London 2800 homes in 'athletes village' New roads and a rail station 4000 trees planted Waterside park built ```
66
What was the housing aim and legacy of the London Olympic Park regeneration?
Aim: - Derive 4000 homes from athletes village; 3000 affordable homes Legacy: - 2800 derived; 1200 affordable
67
What was the employment aim and legacy of the London Olympic Park regeneration?
Aim: - Create 3000 new jobs - Employment in technology and media companies Legacy: - iCity; sustainable high-tech business district creating over 4600 jobs - 11,000 people had to relocate because of the new development
68
What was the transport aim and legacy of the London Olympic Park regeneration?
``` Aim: - Improve transport infrastructure + build new station Legacy: - New roads - Stratford International Station ```
69
What was the environment aim and legacy of the London Olympic Park regeneration?
``` Aims: - Create largest park in Europe by cleaning 200ha of contaminated land - Clean up polluted River Lea - Establish new wildlife habitats Legacy: - 4000 trees planted - 30,000 tonnes of rubbish cleared - Waterside park created ```
70
World city
Shanghai
71
Migration in Shanghai - as a world city
- 100,000 graduates a year - Over one quarter of the labour force has a higher college education - This pool is added to each year with overseas students and workers
72
Production in Shanghai - as a world city
- Open cities created along Yangtze River | - Supporting Shanghai's export economy
73
Growth of municipal waste
China has the fastest growing rate of municipal waste
74
How does waste contribute to climate change?
Amounts to 5% of global greenhouse gas emissions
75
Global value of recycling
$30 billion
76
Tysley incinerator
Takes 350,000 tonnes of waste annually | Generates enough electricity to fuel 41,000 homes
77
How does the Semakau planet dispose of waste?
Dyke formed in shallow waters, lined with impermeable membranes Filled with incinerated waste Overtime layering to create new land which is used for recreational and educational activities
78
Economic inequality - Mumbai
5 million without access to clean water | Lacking funds for much-needed investments in infrastructure
79
Land use - Mumbai
Skyscrapers dominate the CBD High tech industries moved to take advantage of cheap labour Despite luxury residential areas 22.5 million life in the slum district of Dharavi
80
Political stability in a world city
Shanghai, dedicated economic and technological zones to encourage inward investment
81
Production role in a world city
Shanghai, developing several open cities to aid exportation
82
How a world city attracts business
Shanghai, provided attractive business terms to oversea companies to encourage oversea investment
83
Example of tackling waste problems
Curitiba Citizens are paid with food to bring waste to disposal sites Disposal vehicles are unable to manoeuvre around slums
84
Benefits of cultural diversity in urban areas
Notting Hill Carnival
85
Example of spatial distribution of cultures
Dubai | British migrant workers living in gated communities
86
Why was the city challenge needed?
Crescents became derelict
87
When was the Hulme city challenge introduced?
1992
88
What did the Hulme redevelopment project achieve socially?
600 new homes for rent | 300 homes improved and refurbished
89
What did the Hulme redevelopment project achieve economically?
New jobs and 300 new businesses established | New road infrastructure to promote efficient transport and reduce crime
90
What did the Hulme redevelopment project achieve environmentally?
Briefly Fields retained for public use
91
Give some successes of the Hulme redevelopment
population grown by 3.3% since 1992 | 40% reduction in key crimes
92
Give some failures of the Hulme redevelopment
Unemployment rates remained 5-6 times higher than the national average Remains in the worst 10 wards of Manchester Wishing the worst 2% of wards the in country
93
How did the London Docklands make improvements in the community?

Human Geography (23 decks)

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