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Human Geography > CUE - Case studies > Flashcards

CUE - Case studies Flashcards

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1
Q

Name an example of a postmodern western city

A

Las Vegas, Nevada

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2
Q

Why is Las Vegas a postmodern city

A
  • Government work in partnership with private corporations to plan infrastructure to accommodate tourists
  • Unusual urban architecture and landscape
  • Fragmented structure where builders are free to build what they want where they want
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3
Q

How did Las Vegas become a postmodern city

A

The building of the Hoover dam and the introduction of the railroad brought many workers to the area. Casinos and entertainment venues were built to accommodate the workers; the strip massively expanded from here and brought the construction of large postmodern complexes.

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4
Q

Name an example of a river restoration scheme

A

Blue Loop, Sheffield City Centre (River Don)

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5
Q

Describe the contributions towards the restoration of the River Don

A
  • Funding and management from Sheffield Development Corporation
  • Additional funding from Natural England and the National Lottery haw allowed redevelopment to develop into a multi-purpose conservation area
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6
Q

Name some of the project outcomes of the Blue Loop project

A
  • Encouraging biodiversity by restoring ecosystems and preserving habitats
  • Engaging local communities through volunteering and family events
  • Reducing flood risk by increasing vegetation on floodplains and incorporating SUDS techniques
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7
Q

Shortage of housing

A

Tower of David, Venezuela
constructed to be an office complex but ceased due to a banking crisis
45 story tower housing 1,000 of squatters

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8
Q

Problems in slums

A

Pee Poo bags, Nairobi

hygienic safe solution to rid of waste

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9
Q

Site and service schemes

A

Chennai, India
people buy/rent land with access to basic facilities and transport links
people build homes on the land using loans

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10
Q

Core housing schemes

A

Chennai, India

authorities provide basic structure

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11
Q

Self help schemes

A

Manila

people given tools and training to improve the area

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12
Q

Shortage of housing in HIC

A

London

shortage of affordable housing

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13
Q

Gentrification

A

Notting Hill

known for attractive terraces and high-end shopping

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14
Q

Lack of urban services and waste disposal

A

Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

lack of waste disposal leads to blocked drainage systems and health problems

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15
Q

Urban traffic solutions

A

London M25

London congestion charge

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16
Q

Urban resurgence

A

NYC Highline

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17
Q

Unemployment and underemployment

A

Street vendors, India

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18
Q

Counter-urbanisation

A

Dickens Heath

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19
Q

Deindustrialisation

A

London docklands
containerisation; docks were not deep enough for larger ships
environmental: dereliction, vandalism
social: poor health, low education
economic: unemployment, manufacturing centres suffered

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20
Q

Urban regeneration

A

London Docklands
Canary Warf built; office and retail space, popular for major companies
close proximity to city centre made it an ideal office complex
extended underground routes

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21
Q

City challenge

A 
Hulme, Manchester 
high rise flats build - 5,500 dwellings 
reduced crime 
money allocated on competitive advantage rather than need
buildings knocked down and replaced
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22
Q

Special enterprise zone

A

Shenzhen, China
encourage new business
tax breaks and government support

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23
Q

Out of town shopping

A

Merry Hill, Dudley

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24
Q

Town mixed centre development

A

Brindley place, Birmingham

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25
Q

Cultural and heritage quarters

A

Jewellery quarter, Birmingham

protects heritage through National Lottery Heritage Fund schemes

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26
Q

Fortress landscapes

A

Gated communities, Solihull

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27
Q

Edge cities

A

LA, USA

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28
Q

Inequality

A

Sparkhill, Birmingham

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29
Q

Economic inequality

A

Stratford road transect

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30
Q

Cultural diversity - London

A

History of immigration has lead to mixture of cultures

More than 300 languages spoken

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31
Q

Historical history - London

A

Most populous city - capital city

Previously developed as a port

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32
Q

Geographical location - London

A

10 degrees warmer than surrounding rural areas

At risk of flooding due to climate change

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33
Q

Social well being - London

A

Fear of crime and gang violence

Many working multiple jobs

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34
Q

Economic well being - London

A

Largest average of disposable housing income

Jobs paying below minimum wage

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35
Q

Nature and impact of physical environment - London

A

10 degrees warmer than surrounding rural areas

At risk of flooding due to climate change

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36
Q

Sustainability projects - London

A

Social: additional housing, leisure facilities and investments in education
Environmental: congestion charge, cycle lanes, hybrid buses
Economic: living wage provides money for essentials

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37
Q

Cultural diversity - Mumbai

A

2 out of 3 residents identify as Hindu

16 major languages spoken

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38
Q

Historical context - Mumbai

A

Previously a trading centre for local goods such as gold, jewellery and textiles

39
Q

Geographical location - Mumbai

A

West coat of India

Natural deep water harbour

40
Q

Social well being - Mumbai

A

60% live in slums

Population doubled since 1991

41
Q

Economic well being - Mumbai

A

In 2015 accounted for 33% of the countries income

Largest single contributor in India

42
Q

Nature and impact of physical environment - Mumbai

A

Tropical climate brings heavy rainstorms
Low lying land prone to flooding
Uncontrolled development leaves nowhere for the rain to run

43
Q

Sustainability projects - Mumbai

A

Greater Mumbai Disaster Management Plan: identified risks of the city to prepare for another disaster
New housing projects
Improving the lives of slum dwellers

44
Q

Tackling poverty

A

Living wage, London

45
Q

Cultural diversity

A

London, Birmingham, Liverpool

46
Q

Segregation

A

Detroit, USA

47
Q

Fog

A

London

48
Q

Wind

A

Burj Khalifa, Dubai

49
Q

Smog

A

London

50
Q

Clean Air act

A

UK

51
Q

Air pollution control

A

Park and ride
ULEZ
HS2

52
Q

Urban drainage

A

LA river, USA

53
Q

Issues associated with Chenggyecheon river

A
  • Poor water quality
  • No vegetation so no evapotranspiration
  • River enclosed preventing evaporation
54
Q

Aims of Chenggyecheon river restoration

A
  • Improve quality of life
  • Pedestrian corridor
  • Increase business
55
Q

Features of Chenggyecheon river restoration

A
  • 22 bridges added

- Car use discourages rapid bus lanes added

56
Q

Impacts of Chenggyecheon river restoration

A

Social: increased tourism, 15% increase in bus riders
Environmental: flood protection, increased biodiversity, reduced temperatures
Economic: increased price of land 30-50%, increased number of businesses

57
Q

E-waste

A

Chengdu, China

58
Q

Waste management

A

Smokey mountains, Manila

59
Q

Waste reduction

A

Tyseley incinerator, Birmingham

60
Q

Landfill

A

Semakau, Singapore

61
Q

Water pollution

A

Colorado river, USA

62
Q

Managing water pollution

A

Thames Tideway

63
Q

Dereliction

A

London Docklands

64
Q

Copenhagen development

A

Social: only 2% work more than 40 hours a week, lower stress levels
Environmental: wind farms produce 4% of energy, greenbelts to limit urban sprawl
Economic: home to international companies, held onto independent shops

65
Q

Regeneration

A 
Olympic park, London 
2800 homes in 'athletes village'
New roads and a rail station
4000 trees planted 
Waterside park built
66
Q

What was the housing aim and legacy of the London Olympic Park regeneration?

A

Aim:
- Derive 4000 homes from athletes village; 3000 affordable homes
Legacy:
- 2800 derived; 1200 affordable

67
Q

What was the employment aim and legacy of the London Olympic Park regeneration?

A

Aim:
- Create 3000 new jobs
- Employment in technology and media companies
Legacy:
- iCity; sustainable high-tech business district creating over 4600 jobs
- 11,000 people had to relocate because of the new development

68
Q

What was the transport aim and legacy of the London Olympic Park regeneration?

A 
Aim:
- Improve transport infrastructure + build new station 
Legacy:
- New roads 
- Stratford International Station
69
Q

What was the environment aim and legacy of the London Olympic Park regeneration?

A 
Aims:
- Create largest park in Europe by cleaning 200ha of contaminated land 
- Clean up polluted River Lea
- Establish new wildlife habitats 
Legacy:
- 4000 trees planted 
- 30,000 tonnes of rubbish cleared 
- Waterside park created
70
Q

World city

A

Shanghai

71
Q

Migration in Shanghai - as a world city

A
  • 100,000 graduates a year
  • Over one quarter of the labour force has a higher college education
  • This pool is added to each year with overseas students and workers
72
Q

Production in Shanghai - as a world city

A
  • Open cities created along Yangtze River

- Supporting Shanghai’s export economy

73
Q

Growth of municipal waste

A

China has the fastest growing rate of municipal waste

74
Q

How does waste contribute to climate change?

A

Amounts to 5% of global greenhouse gas emissions

75
Q

Global value of recycling

A

$30 billion

76
Q

Tysley incinerator

A

Takes 350,000 tonnes of waste annually

Generates enough electricity to fuel 41,000 homes

77
Q

How does the Semakau planet dispose of waste?

A

Dyke formed in shallow waters, lined with impermeable membranes
Filled with incinerated waste
Overtime layering to create new land which is used for recreational and educational activities

78
Q

Economic inequality - Mumbai

A

5 million without access to clean water

Lacking funds for much-needed investments in infrastructure

79
Q

Land use - Mumbai

A

Skyscrapers dominate the CBD
High tech industries moved to take advantage of cheap labour
Despite luxury residential areas 22.5 million life in the slum district of Dharavi

80
Q

Political stability in a world city

A

Shanghai, dedicated economic and technological zones to encourage inward investment

81
Q

Production role in a world city

A

Shanghai, developing several open cities to aid exportation

82
Q

How a world city attracts business

A

Shanghai, provided attractive business terms to oversea companies to encourage oversea investment

83
Q

Example of tackling waste problems

A

Curitiba
Citizens are paid with food to bring waste to disposal sites
Disposal vehicles are unable to manoeuvre around slums

84
Q

Benefits of cultural diversity in urban areas

A

Notting Hill Carnival

85
Q

Example of spatial distribution of cultures

A

Dubai

British migrant workers living in gated communities

86
Q

Why was the city challenge needed?

A

Crescents became derelict

87
Q

When was the Hulme city challenge introduced?

A

1992

88
Q

What did the Hulme redevelopment project achieve socially?

A

600 new homes for rent

300 homes improved and refurbished

89
Q

What did the Hulme redevelopment project achieve economically?

A

New jobs and 300 new businesses established

New road infrastructure to promote efficient transport and reduce crime

90
Q

What did the Hulme redevelopment project achieve environmentally?

A

Briefly Fields retained for public use

91
Q

Give some successes of the Hulme redevelopment

A

population grown by 3.3% since 1992

40% reduction in key crimes

92
Q

Give some failures of the Hulme redevelopment

A

Unemployment rates remained 5-6 times higher than the national average
Remains in the worst 10 wards of Manchester
Wishing the worst 2% of wards the in country

93
Q

How did the London Docklands make improvements in the community?

A

Human Geography (23 decks)

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