🌍 ✅Global Commons + lRL Examples Flashcards
What are the global commons?
Refers to the resource domains of areas/ objects/ items that lie outside the political reach of any one country or nation
What are examples of global commons?
Outer Space
The Sea
Atmosphere
What is the common heritage of mankind?
The notion that global commons regarded as beneficial to humanity should not be exploited by individual states or nation
Why has improved technology and mineral security increased the need for the common heritage of mankind?
Because it ensures that all countries have access to resources regardless of development. Technology makes exploitation much easier.
What is the tragedy of the Commons?
That free access and unrestricted demand for finite resource through over exploitation e.g blue fin tuna
Why does the tragedy of the commons occur?
Because the benefits of exploitation only apply to those who do it, while the costs affect everyone
Who proposed the tragedy of the commons?
Garret Hardin 1968
What is likely to be over-exploited?
Any shared resources e.g the sea
What must be acknowledged by sustainable development?
The need to protect the global commons
2) Bluefin Tuna
-1960s fisherman realised tuna populations were in danger
- International Convention for the Conservation of Atlantic Tuna (ICCAT) formed in an effort to manage fish harvesting more sustainably
4) Ocean garbage Gyres
- NO single authority has the power to pass laws that protect the entire ocean
- each nation manages and protects the ocean resources along its coastline, leaving shared common space beyond any particular jurisdiction consequentially vulnerable to pollution
- Garbage has begun to accumulate in the centre of circular currents (gyres)
- Waste patches occur because countries allow waste to enter ocean from land or ships
- Likely to affect every living thing on the planet
5)Earth’s atmosphere
-Air pollution and greenhouse gases from various industries and transportation increasingly damage the valuable, shared resources
- Numerous international agreements (e.g Kyoto agreement) has attempted to bring nations together to reduce ghg emissions and slow global warming
6) Gulf of Mexico dead zone
-Thousas of farms are located along the Mississippi River and its tributaries through the US
- When heavy rain occurs fertilisers from farmland flow down river eventually entering the Gulf of Mexico
- Dead zone is created as fertilisers have polluted water to the extent that no living things can survive in that ecosystem
Population Growth
An analysis of the inc pop growth as a tragedy of the commons and depletion of resources isn’t as a result of greed but just by existing as humans needs: air, land, food and splitting that between 8 billion people the resource can become thin
