Glaucoma (introduction)

Question 1

What are the two main processes of aqueous production?

with the percent of each

Answer 1

Active secretion (80%) and passive secretion (20%).

Question 2

What are the two main processes of aqueous outflow?

with the percent of each

Answer 2

1. 90% – trabecular meshwork
2. 10% – uveal scleral

Question 3

classification of glucoma

Answer 3

primary
- open
- closed
- congenial
secondary

Question 4

secondary glaucoma [9]

Answer 4

1. Pigmentary
2. Exfoliative
3. Lens induced
4. Following surgery
5. Neovascular.
6. Steroid induced.
7. Absolute.
8. inflammatory
9. traumatic

Question 5

lens induced glaucoma

Answer 5

1. Phacolytic
2. Phacomorphic
3. Phacoanaphylactic
4. Dislocation
5. Subluxation

Question 6

Methods of examination

Answer 6

1. slit lamp
2. Tonometry
3. ophthalmoscope
4. gonioscope
5. Provocative test
6. Primetry
7. OCT (Optical coherence tomography)

Question 7

types of tonometry

Answer 7

1.Indentation: Schiotz .
2.Applanation: Fluoresecin + Novesine
3.Pulse air.

Question 8

a measurement used ophthamoscope to assess the progression of glaucoma.

Answer 8

cup-to-disc ratio (CDR)
it shoild be less than 0.3

Question 9

Which is greater, the horizontal or vertical CDR?

Answer 9

the horizontal

Question 10

What are the basic steps of the provocative test for chronic simple glaucoma?

Answer 10

1. No treatment in the last day
2. Measure the (IOP)
3. Drink 1 L of water rapidly
4. Measure IOP every 15 min for 1–2h

Question 11

What result in the chronic simple glaucoma provocative test is considered positive?

Answer 11

IOP > 7–10 mmHg

Question 12

how to test the closed angle glaucoma?

Answer 12

provocative
1. Dark room
2. Pron position
3. mydratics

Question 13

what is Perimetry

Answer 13

A test measuring visual field and detecting blind spots.

Question 14

types of Perimetry

Answer 14

1. Tangent screen
2. Goldmann perimeter
3. Humphery perimeter
4. Octopus perimeter

Question 15

What are the normal visual field limits in each direction (nasally, temporally, superiorly, and inferiorly)?

Answer 15

50° superiorly
60° nasally
70° inferiorly
90° temporally

Question 16

wht is:

Confrontation Testing

Answer 16

A quick method to assess a patient’s visual fields by comparing them with the examiner’s fields.

Question 17

what is the meaning of Scotoma

Answer 17

visual field abnormality, or a blind spot

Question 18

types of scatoma

Answer 18

Baring of Blind Spot: Can’t see the blind spot clearly.
Bjerrum or Arcuate Scotoma: Can’t see in an arc around the blind spot.
Double Arcuate Scotoma: Can’t see in two parallel arcs.
Temporal-Central Eye Island: Can’t see temporally but can see centrally.

Question 19

what is OCT

absolutely it is not (Over-Counter-The)

Answer 19

Optical coherence tomography (OCT):
Imaging technique to assess optic nerve health and detect glaucoma.