Glaucoma (introduction) Flashcards
What are the two main processes of aqueous production?
with the percent of each
Active secretion (80%) and passive secretion (20%).
What are the two main processes of aqueous outflow?
with the percent of each
- 90% – trabecular meshwork
- 10% – uveal scleral
classification of glucoma
primary
- open
- closed
- congenial
secondary
secondary glaucoma [9]
- Pigmentary
- Exfoliative
- Lens induced
- Following surgery
- Neovascular.
- Steroid induced.
- Absolute.
- inflammatory
- traumatic
lens induced glaucoma
- Phacolytic
- Phacomorphic
- Phacoanaphylactic
- Dislocation
- Subluxation
Methods of examination
- slit lamp
- Tonometry
- ophthalmoscope
- gonioscope
- Provocative test
- Primetry
- OCT (Optical coherence tomography)
types of tonometry
1.Indentation: Schiotz .
2.Applanation: Fluoresecin + Novesine
3.Pulse air.
a measurement used ophthamoscope to assess the progression of glaucoma.
cup-to-disc ratio (CDR)
it shoild be less than 0.3
Which is greater, the horizontal or vertical CDR?
the horizontal
What are the basic steps of the provocative test for chronic simple glaucoma?
- No treatment in the last day
- Measure the (IOP)
- Drink 1 L of water rapidly
- Measure IOP every 15 min for 1–2h
What result in the chronic simple glaucoma provocative test is considered positive?
IOP > 7–10 mmHg
how to test the closed angle glaucoma?
provocative
1. Dark room
2. Pron position
3. mydratics
what is Perimetry
A test measuring visual field and detecting blind spots.
types of Perimetry
- Tangent screen
- Goldmann perimeter
- Humphery perimeter
- Octopus perimeter
What are the normal visual field limits in each direction (nasally, temporally, superiorly, and inferiorly)?
50° superiorly
60° nasally
70° inferiorly
90° temporally
wht is:
Confrontation Testing
A quick method to assess a patient’s visual fields by comparing them with the examiner’s fields.
what is the meaning of Scotoma
visual field abnormality, or a blind spot
types of scatoma
Baring of Blind Spot: Can’t see the blind spot clearly.
Bjerrum or Arcuate Scotoma: Can’t see in an arc around the blind spot.
Double Arcuate Scotoma: Can’t see in two parallel arcs.
Temporal-Central Eye Island: Can’t see temporally but can see centrally.
what is OCT
absolutely it is not (Over-Counter-The)
Optical coherence tomography (OCT):
Imaging technique to assess optic nerve health and detect glaucoma.
