Glaucoma Agents Flashcards
(195 cards)
which class(es) of drugs primarily inhibit the production of aqueous humor?
- alpha-adrenergic agonists
- beta-blockers
- carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
which class(es) of drugs primarily increase trabecular outflow?
- muscarinic agonists
- nitrous oxide
- rho-kinase inhibitors
which class(es) of drugs primarily increase uveoscleral outflow?
prostaglandin agonists
what color bottle caps do prostaglandin analogs have?
teal
what is the brand name for latanoprost?
Xalatan
what is the brand name for travoprost?
Travatan Z
what is the brand name for bimatoprost?
Lumigan
what is the brand name for tafluprost?
Zioptan
which of the prostaglandin analogs are ester prodrug(s)?
- latanoprost
- travoprost
- tafluprost
what is the primary MOA for latanoprost, travoprost & tafluprost?
act on PGF-2α FP receptors found in ciliary muscle & iris sphincter muscle
which prostaglandin analog is a selective FP receptor agonist? how does it exert its ocular hypotensive effects?
latanoprost
- exerts its ocular hypotensive effects by increasing uveoscleral outflow by remodeling the ECM adjacent to ciliary muscle cells
which prostaglandin analog is a synthetic analog? it mimics the actions of what?
bimatoprost
- mimics the actions of prostamides
which prostaglandin analog has weak activity at the FP receptor?
bimatoprost
what is the MOA for bimatoprost?
dual mechanism of increase aqueous outflow through trabecular & uveoscleral pathway
which aqueous outflow pathway is pressure-sensitive?
trabecular
which aqueous outflow pathway is pressure-insensitive?
uveoscleral
what has to bind to the FP receptors to convert the prodrugs into their active form?
prostaglandin F2α
what allows prostaglandin analogs to penetrate the corneal epithelium?
lipophilicity
what converts the active form of prostaglandin analogs into free acid?
corneal esterases/amidases
what allows the free acid to bind to receptors?
hydrophilicity
which class of glaucoma medications is the first line treatment?
prostaglandins
what is the dosing for prostaglandins?
1 gtt qhs OU
when are prostaglandins most effective after administration?
12-24 hour period
what percentage of IOP lowering effects do prostaglandins have?
27-30%