Anti-Infectives: Cases

Question 1

anterior blepharitis is primarily caused by

Answer 1

hypersensitivity to staph exotoxins or overgrowth

Question 2

how do you treat a mild blepharitis?

Answer 2

lid hygiene is sufficient

Question 3

how do you treat moderate blepharitis?

Answer 3

lid hygiene with lid scrubs or wipes

Question 4

how do you treat moderate-severe blepharitis?

Answer 4

use an antibiotic ointment (eg, erythromycin) to remove the bacteria & level the exotoxin production

Question 5

how do you treat severe blepharitis?

Answer 5

use an antibiotic-steroid combination

Maxitrol, TobraDex, Blepharide

Question 6

posterior blepharitis is also known as?

Answer 6

meibomian gland dysfunction

Question 7

external & internal hordeolums are most often caused by what organism? how would you treat it?

Answer 7

staphylococci (G+) → oral ABX (cell wall inhibitors: amoxicillin, cephalexin)

Question 8

internal hordeolums are caused by infection of what?

Answer 8

meibomian glands

Question 9

external hordeolums are caused by infection of what?

Answer 9

glands of Zeis

Question 10

preseptal cellulitis is more often caused by? & give some examples

Answer 10

more often G+

• S. aureus
• group A strep pyogenes
• β-hemolytic strep

Question 11

what are some secondary respiratory organisms that can cause preseptal cellulitis?

Answer 11

• S. aureus
• strep pneumonia
• H. influenzae

Question 12

when anaerobic organisms cause preseptal cellulitis, it will have what kind of discharge? what would you use to treat it?

Answer 12

foul-smelling discharge → use penicillins

Question 13

for moderate-severe cases of preseptal cellulitis, what antibiotic can you treat it with?

Answer 13

Augmentin

Question 14

orbital or preseptal cellulitis?

visual acuity is reduced

Answer 14

orbital cellulitis

Question 15

orbital or preseptal cellulitis?

proptosis present

Answer 15

orbital

Question 16

orbital or preseptal cellulitis?

chemosis is rare or mild

Answer 16

preseptal cellulitis

Question 17

orbital or preseptal cellulitis?

hyperemia is present

Answer 17

orbital cellulitis

Question 18

orbital or preseptal cellulitis?

RAPD present

Answer 18

orbital cellulitis

Question 19

orbital or preseptal cellulitis?

normal motility

Answer 19

preseptal cellulitis

Question 20

orbital or preseptal cellulitis?

possible increase in IOP

Answer 20

orbital cellulitis

Question 21

orbital or preseptal cellulitis?

elevated temperature

Answer 21

orbital cellulitis

Question 22

orbital or preseptal cellulitis?

absent or mild headache

Answer 22

preseptal cellulitis

Question 23

orbital or preseptal cellulitis?

associated symptoms such as nausea & vomiting

Answer 23

orbital cellulitis

Question 24

what are bacteria that can penetrate a healthy corneal epithelium?

Answer 24

• neisseria gonorrhoeae
• neisseria meningitidis
• listeria
• corynebacterium diphtheria
• haemophilus influenzae