Allergy Therapy: Immune & Hypersensitivity Response Flashcards
innate or adaptive immune response:
nonspecific generic response
innate
innate or adaptive immune response:
acquired specific response
adaptive
innate or adaptive immune response:
does not require prior exposure to antigen
innate
innate or adaptive immune response:
requires prior exposure to antigen
adaptive
innate or adaptive immune response:
a first-line defense lacking immunologic memory
innate
innate or adaptive immune response:
evasion of the innate response may occur
adaptive
innate or adaptive immune response:
acts near entry-points of infection or injury
(eg, skin, tears, mucous)
innate
innate or adaptive immune response:
features both specificity & memory
adaptive
in the innate immune response, what is the humoral component of it?
1) activation of the alternative complement cascade in response to a microbe
2) release of cytokines by TH-2 cells
- naturally occurring antibodies
in the innate immune response, what is the cell-mediated component?
- phagocytes ingest foreign proteins, fungi, viruses, bacteria & parasites
- NK cells secrete cytokines to recruit monocytes (premature macrophages) & neutrophils
what are physical & chemical barriers that try to keep foreign invaders from getting into the body? & it is part of which immune response?
first line of defense in the innate immune response
what are some physical barriers in the first line of defense?
- skin
- tears
- earwax
- mucus
- urine
- stomach acid
people with what ocular condition are more prone to infection & why?
people with dry eyes → not enough tears to prevent invasion
what is the humoral aspect of the adaptive immune response?
1) Ag-Ab complexes activate the classical complement cascade
2) exposed dendritic cells (APCs) stimulate T cells into helper T’s → causing B cells to transform into Ab-producing plasma cells
- memory B cells secrete Abs upon re-exposure
what is the cell-mediated aspect of adaptive immune response?
exposed dendritic cells (APCs) stimulate T cells into helper T’s → facilitates sensitization of killer T’s
what is the key player involved in cellular & humoral immunity?
CD 4+ helper T-cells
is this the cellular or humoral pathway?
bacteria enters body → macrophages phagocytize bacteria → become APCs → present Ag to CD4+ helper T-cells →
- release IFNγ → signals macrophages to activate phagocytosis & kill bacteria
- release IL-17, TNF & other cytokines → causes inflammation to help fight pathogen
cellular pathway
is this the cellular or humoral pathway?
bacteria recognized by B-cell → becomes memory cell → upon recognizing pathogen again, CD4+ helper T-cell tells B-cells to become plasma cells →
- secrete Abs → neutralizes pathogen/opsonization & Fc receptor-mediated phagocytosis
- activates complement pathway → phagocytosis of C3b-coated bacteria, inflammation & lysis of microbe
→ eventually, macrophages have to be involved
humoral pathway
what are the main cells in the immune response?
B & T-cells
which cell in the immune response create antibodies that identify foreign invaders that need to be killed?
B-cells
which cell in the immune response uses chemical signals to call on the B cells & other T cells to help fight the invader?
helper T-cells
which cell in the immune response identifies infected host cells & employs chemical signals that cause them to die & be eliminated from the body
natural killer cells
what are the key cells in the innate response?
neutrophils (natural killer cells & macrophages)
what are the key cells in the adaptive immune response?
cloned memory B & T cells
