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Ocular Pharmacology > Allergy Therapy: Immune & Hypersensitivity Response > Flashcards

Allergy Therapy: Immune & Hypersensitivity Response Flashcards

1
Q

innate or adaptive immune response:

nonspecific generic response

A

innate

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2
Q

innate or adaptive immune response:

acquired specific response

A

adaptive

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3
Q

innate or adaptive immune response:

does not require prior exposure to antigen

A

innate

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4
Q

innate or adaptive immune response:

requires prior exposure to antigen

A

adaptive

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5
Q

innate or adaptive immune response:

a first-line defense lacking immunologic memory

A

innate

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6
Q

innate or adaptive immune response:

evasion of the innate response may occur

A

adaptive

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7
Q

innate or adaptive immune response:
acts near entry-points of infection or injury
(eg, skin, tears, mucous)

A

innate

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8
Q

innate or adaptive immune response:

features both specificity & memory

A

adaptive

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9
Q

in the innate immune response, what is the humoral component of it?

A

1) activation of the alternative complement cascade in response to a microbe
2) release of cytokines by TH-2 cells
- naturally occurring antibodies

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10
Q

in the innate immune response, what is the cell-mediated component?

A
  • phagocytes ingest foreign proteins, fungi, viruses, bacteria & parasites
  • NK cells secrete cytokines to recruit monocytes (premature macrophages) & neutrophils
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11
Q

what are physical & chemical barriers that try to keep foreign invaders from getting into the body? & it is part of which immune response?

A

first line of defense in the innate immune response

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12
Q

what are some physical barriers in the first line of defense?

A
  • skin
  • tears
  • earwax
  • mucus
  • urine
  • stomach acid
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13
Q

people with what ocular condition are more prone to infection & why?

A

people with dry eyes → not enough tears to prevent invasion

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14
Q

what is the humoral aspect of the adaptive immune response?

A

1) Ag-Ab complexes activate the classical complement cascade
2) exposed dendritic cells (APCs) stimulate T cells into helper T’s → causing B cells to transform into Ab-producing plasma cells
- memory B cells secrete Abs upon re-exposure

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15
Q

what is the cell-mediated aspect of adaptive immune response?

A

exposed dendritic cells (APCs) stimulate T cells into helper T’s → facilitates sensitization of killer T’s

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16
Q

what is the key player involved in cellular & humoral immunity?

A

CD 4+ helper T-cells

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17
Q

is this the cellular or humoral pathway?
bacteria enters body → macrophages phagocytize bacteria → become APCs → present Ag to CD4+ helper T-cells →
- release IFNγ → signals macrophages to activate phagocytosis & kill bacteria
- release IL-17, TNF & other cytokines → causes inflammation to help fight pathogen

A

cellular pathway

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18
Q

is this the cellular or humoral pathway?
bacteria recognized by B-cell → becomes memory cell → upon recognizing pathogen again, CD4+ helper T-cell tells B-cells to become plasma cells →
- secrete Abs → neutralizes pathogen/opsonization & Fc receptor-mediated phagocytosis
- activates complement pathway → phagocytosis of C3b-coated bacteria, inflammation & lysis of microbe

→ eventually, macrophages have to be involved

A

humoral pathway

19
Q

what are the main cells in the immune response?

A

B & T-cells

20
Q

which cell in the immune response create antibodies that identify foreign invaders that need to be killed?

A

B-cells

21
Q

which cell in the immune response uses chemical signals to call on the B cells & other T cells to help fight the invader?

A

helper T-cells

22
Q

which cell in the immune response identifies infected host cells & employs chemical signals that cause them to die & be eliminated from the body

A

natural killer cells

23
Q

what are the key cells in the innate response?

A

neutrophils (natural killer cells & macrophages)

24
Q

what are the key cells in the adaptive immune response?

A

cloned memory B & T cells

25
Q

what are foreign substances that have the capacity to evoke an immunological response?

A

antigens

26
Q

what are some examples of environmental allergens?

A
  • animal dander
  • ragweed
  • pollen
  • dust
  • insect stings
27
Q

what are some examples of biological antigens?

A
  • bacteria
  • viruses
  • fungi
  • parasites
28
Q

what are some examples of chemical antigens?

A
  • vaccines
  • drugs
  • proteins
  • carbohydrates
  • metals
  • food additives
29
Q

what is an exaggerated immune response specifically involving an innate or foreign innocuous antigen classified as an allergen?

A

hypersensitivity response

30
Q

which type of hypersensitivity response is allergic/immediate?

A

type I

31
Q

which hypersensitivity type is this?

IgE is bound to mast cells via its Fc portion → allergen binds to these Abs → induces degranulation

A

type I hypersensitivity

32
Q

what type of hypersensitivity reaction is cytotoxic/antibody-mediated?

A

type II

33
Q

which hypersensitivity type is this?
IgG-mediated → cells are destroyed by bound antibody (either by complement activation/cytotoxic T cell w/ an Fc receptor for the antibody)

A

type II hypersensitivity reaction

34
Q

what type of hypersensitivity reaction is immune-complex mediated?

A

type III

35
Q

which hypersensitivity type is this?

Ag-Ab complexes are deposited into tissues → complement activation → neutrophils attracted to site

A

type III hypersensitivity reaction

36
Q

what type of hypersensitivity is delayed/cell-mediated?

A

type IV

37
Q

which hypersensitivity type is this?

TH-1 secrete cytokines → activate macrophages & cytotoxic T-cells → macrophage accumulation at the site

A

type IV hypersensitivity reaction

38
Q

which hypersensitivity type is an adaptive response?

A

type IV

39
Q

allergic conjunctivitis is which type of hypersensitivity response?

A

type I

40
Q

ocular cicatricial pemphigoid, Graves disease, & myasthenia gravis are what type of hypersensitivity response?

A

type II

41
Q

marginal keratitis, Mooren’s ulcer, PUK, scleritis are all which type of hypersensitivity reaction?

A

type III

42
Q

phlyctenulosis, contact dermatitis, corneal graft rejection & Stevens-Johnson syndrome are which type of hypersensitivity reaction?

A

type IV

43
Q

in type I hypersensitivity reaction, what does IgE do?

A

IgE binds to mast cells & basophils → causing mast cell degranulation → releases histamines

Ocular Pharmacology (9 decks)

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