Analgesics Flashcards
what is produced from COX1 & COX 2 that causes swelling?
prostaglandin → PGE2
what is produced from COX1 & COX2 that produces vasodilation causing redness/heat?
prostaglandin → PGI2
what is produced from COX1 & COX2 that causes pain?
prostaglandin → PGE2
what is produced from COX1 & COX2 that causes heat/fever?
prostaglandin → PGE2
in an acute inflammation, is this the vascular phase or cellular phase?
- transient vasoconstriction
- persistent vasoconstriction
- increased capillary permeability
- hemostasis
vascular phase
in an acute inflammation, is this the vascular phase or cellular phase?
- phagocytic extravasation from circulation
- chemotactic signaling
- phagocytosis
- formation of exudate
cellular phase
how do you provide therapeutic relief peripherally for pain?
block pain mediators, receptor sensitization & afferent neuronal discharge
how do you provide therapeutic relief for pain centrally?
block pain receptors in the CNS
what are the two major inflammatory pain mediators?
bradykinin & histamines
how do NSAIDs block generation of pain in the arachidonic pathway?
inhibits synthesis of PGE2
is acetaminophen a narcotic or non-narcotic? what class does it belong to?
non-narcotic → NSAID alternative
what NSAID subclass does aspirin belong to?
salicylates
80-160mg of aspirin is used as what kind of therapeutic effect?
anti-platelet
325-650mg of aspirin is used for what therapeutic effect?
anti-inflammatory
160-325mg of aspirin is used for what therapeutic effect(s)?
analgesia & antipyretic
how would you treat an aspirin overdose?
dialysis
aspirin vs acetaminophen:
anti-inflammatory
aspirin
aspirin vs acetaminophen:
antipyretic
both
aspirin vs acetaminophen:
platelet inhibitor
aspirin
aspirin vs acetaminophen:
analgesic
both
aspirin vs acetaminophen:
central site of action
acetaminophen
aspirin vs acetaminophen:
GI irritant
aspiring
aspirin vs acetaminophen:
pregnancy category B
acetaminophen
what topical NSAID is indicated for post cataract surgery & inflammation?
Bromsite
which narcotics are schedule II?
morphine, codeine, oxycodone
which narcotic is schedule III in low concentrations?
codeine
what do opioids primarily bind to? are they central or peripheral acting?
mu receptors (μ1 & μ2) → central acting
natural, semi-synthetic (opioids), or fully synthetic (opioids)?
morphine & codeine
natural
natural, semi-synthetic (opioids), or fully synthetic (opioids)?
- methadone
- meperidine
- tramadol (V)
- fentanyl
fully synthetic
natural, semi-synthetic (opioids), or fully synthetic (opioids)?
- hydrocodone
- oxycodone
- oxymorphine
- hydromorphine
semi-synthetic
what are some endogenous analgesics?
endorphins & serotonin
endorphins are induced by?
tricyclic antidepressants (TCADs)
which endogenous analgesic is short term? what does it counteract?
serotonin → counteracts substance P
serotonin is induced by?
paracetamol (acetaminophen)
what is substance P?
neurotransmitter involved in pain responses
where are endorphins released from? what is its MOA?
released by pituitary gland → bind to opiate receptors on presynaptic membrane to block release of substance P (blocking pain perception)
