GIT Physiology Flashcards by Sally Awad

2 set of teeth develop in course of a lifetime

Deciduous 20 start to erupt at 6 months o a\f age
Permanent teeth start to erupt at 6years of age

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Salivary gland in the mouth how many And what type of glands are they

3 pairs of exocrine glands empty in the mouth .
1 parotid glands , duct opens an]T the 2nd upper molar
Submandibuler gland duct opens on either side at the frenulum of the tongue
Sublingual gland ; duct opens at at the floor of the mouth

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Amount of acid a produced in the mouth per day

1.5 L

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What enzyme does saliva contains mainly

Amylase .

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Digestive tract have 4 layers mention thems

msMs , mucosa , submucosa , s]muscular layer , serosa

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Which digestive tract layer contain blood vessel nerve and Lymph

Submucosal one

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Which layer responsible about contraction

Muscular layer

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Which layer have meissener plexus

Submucosal

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Which layer responsible about secretions

Submucosal layer

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Which layer contain mesentric auribach plexus

Muscular layer

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Which layer is continuation with the peritoneum

Serosa layer

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Amount of gastric secretions per day

3 L .

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What does gastric secretion consist of

Hcl
Pespinogen
Intrinsic factor for absorption of vitamin b12

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Acidity of the hcl in the gastric secretions is

Hcl has a ph 1.5 to 3.5

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Digestion has 3 phases mention them

Cephalic phase
Gastric phase
Intestinal phase

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Which enzyme is secreted in the gastric phase

Gastrin, this phase continues until the stomach is emptied and the ph reachs]es 1.5

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What’s the main event in the intestinal phase

Production of 3 hormones
GIP gastric inhibiting peptide , inhibits gastric motility and secretion .
Secretin , inhibits gastric secretions .
Cholecystokinin inhibity]snthe gastric emptying

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Duration of gastric emptying

2-6 hours

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Which substance stay the longest time in the stomach

Proteins

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Duration of intestinal emptying

3-5 hours

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What is the name of digested food

Chyme

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Main characteristic of small intestine epithelium

Have microvilli ( brush border ) .

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Ph of small intestines is

7.5 alkaline .

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Amount of small intestine secretions is

3 L /day

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Food movement in the small intestine is by 2 things

1- peristalsis 2 - segmentation .

The only site for absorption of bile salts and vitamin b12 in the GIt is

Ileum ( small intestine )

Most critical site for fluid and sodium conservation in the git

Ileum

Jejunum is Hypertonic , isotonic or hypotonic

Isotonic

Which one is 3 times slower than the other Jejunum or ileum

Ileum is 3 times slower than the Jejunum .

Resection of the ileum results in

Loss of bile salts that is not met by bile synthesis Reduction of bile salts pool Renal calculus Cholelithiasis Short gut syndrome Increases intestinal Transit

Ileum resection leads to bile salts decreasement lead to 2 things to occur

Diarrhea Reduction in salt and water resorption

Diarrhea due to ileum resection occurs due to Treated by

Bile salts loss in the colon Treated by cholestyramine

What does large intestines secrete Does it have enzyme Which unique component of the large intestine Do we have

It secretes mucosa Doesn’t have enzymes Have commensalism bacteria that have role I making vitamin B and vitamin K

Commensalnbacteria in git present where Which vitamin does it produce

In the large intestine Member of vitamin b family Vitamin K

Efficiency of sodium and water resorption in the intestine is

90%

Transit time in the large intestine is

24v- 150 hrs

Flatus is is composed of

Hydrogen Methane CO2

Amount of bile produced per day

1 L

Bile contents

Bile salts Bile pigments Cholesterol

Bile salts are essential for

Fat and fat soluble vitamins absorption

Bile acids are conjugated to what

Glycine and tourine .

Bile acids 2 mainly are

1 cholic acid 2 conedeocsholic acid

What’s essential for maintaining bile salts pole

Enterohepatic circulation

What’s bilirubin And produced from

Is a bile salt Produced by hemoglobin break w]down

Is bilirubin lipohphilic or lipophobic

Lipophilic

What does bilirubin converted to

Feces stecrobillin Urine urobillinogen

At which days physiological jaundice is common

Between day 3 and day 7

Causes of physiological jaundice is

1 immature fetal liver enzymes 2 hemolysisi of fetal rbcs

What is kernicterus And caused by what

Kernicterus is deposition of bilirubin in basal ganglion It can be caused by physiological jaundice .

Is Bile alkaline or acidic

Alkaline

Pancreatic juice alkaline or acidic

Alkaline

Amount of pancreatic juice produced per day

1.5 L/day .

Contents of pancreatic juice

Water Sodium chloride Sodium bicarbonate Enzyme Trypsinogen Proelstase Amylase Lipsase Chymotrypsinogen

Energy provided by Carbs Proteins Fat

Carbs 4.2 kcal/ g Proteins’ 4.w kcal / g Fat 9 kcal/g

Daily requirement of energy per day kcal/kg/day

30kcal/kg/day

Non- pregnant daily requirement Pregnant Lactating

2200 kcal /day 2400kcal/day 2800kcal/day

Daily recommended intake of carbs is

400 g / day

Daily recommended intake of fat is

100g/day

Daily recommended intake of folic acid

400 microgram/day

Daily recommended intake of in nonpregnant Ns in pregnancy

Nonpregnant 1.5g/kg/day Pregnant 2 g / kg / day

Iron requirement in nonpregnant

2.8g/day of nonpregnant 6g/day for pregnant

Total body iron is

40 mg /kg body weight .

IDA in pregnancy characterized by

Iron level less than 12 micromol/L TIBC saturation < 15 % Microcytic Microchromic

Fat soluble vitamins are

Vitamin A , vitamin d e.k

Main gi vhanges in pregnancy

Vomiting Heart burn due to relaxation of gastroesophageal sphincter Constipation due to decreased motility bog intestinal smooth muscles due to the effect of progesterone Delayed gastric emptying Gingivitis due to increased vascularitynin the gums

Normal urinary nitrogen excretion

14 g/day

Nitrogen loss in menstruation is

2g / day

Daily requirement of vitamin A retinol Deficiency leads When is considered toxicity dose

800 microgram/day Def— keratomalcoaia night blindness Toxicity > 3000 microgram/day

Thiamine is which vitamin It’s deficiency leads to Daily requirement

Is vitamin B1 Beriberi Wernicke -korsakoff syndrome 10000

Riboflavin is b? Deficiency Daily requirement

B2 Ariboflavinosisi 1500

Which one of vitamin b12 family leads to liver toxicity in high doses

B3 niacin

B3 daily requirement dose Deficiency

15000pellagra 4 Ds diarrhea dementia death dermatitis 4 ds

Panathonic acid is which vitamin

Vitamin b5 and it’s defieciecy leads to parasthesia

Pyrodixine is which vitamin IT’s deficiency leads to What dose causes toxicity and complaints will be Daily requirement

B]vitamin B 6 Microcytic anemia Periphernl neuropathy Toxixty if more than > 100 g/ day imprairment in proprioception 2000 microgram/day

Which one is biotin

B7 ‘; deficiency dermatitis and enteritis

Folic acid is which one of vitamin b family

Vitamin b9 defiecency macrocytic anemia

B12 daily requirement Deficiency

2 microgram/day Def megaloblastic anemia

Vitamin C ascorbic acid daily requirement dose Deficiency

30000 microgram/day Deficiency ; scurvy

Which dose is considered megadose of vitamin c

> 2 g / day

Vitamin D calciferol daily requirement

10 microgram/ day Rickets and osteomalacia results from its deficiency > 50 micrograms/day hypervitsmo]inoisi

Vitamin E defieciency leads to

Hemolytic anemia in newborn infants Daily req 10000 microgram /day \

جدول صفحه ١٤٠ بالكتاب Which vitamin defieciency leads to bleeding diathesis

Vitamin K Phlloquinone . A