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Physiology > GIT Physiology > Flashcards

GIT Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

2 set of teeth develop in course of a lifetime

A

Deciduous 20 start to erupt at 6 months o a\f age
Permanent teeth start to erupt at 6years of age

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2
Q

Salivary gland in the mouth how many And what type of glands are they

A

3 pairs of exocrine glands empty in the mouth .
1 parotid glands , duct opens an]T the 2nd upper molar
Submandibuler gland duct opens on either side at the frenulum of the tongue
Sublingual gland ; duct opens at at the floor of the mouth

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3
Q

Amount of acid a produced in the mouth per day

A

1.5 L

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4
Q

What enzyme does saliva contains mainly

A

Amylase .

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5
Q

Digestive tract have 4 layers mention thems

A

msMs , mucosa , submucosa , s]muscular layer , serosa

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6
Q

Which digestive tract layer contain blood vessel nerve and Lymph

A

Submucosal one

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7
Q

Which layer responsible about contraction

A

Muscular layer

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8
Q

Which layer have meissener plexus

A

Submucosal

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9
Q

Which layer responsible about secretions

A

Submucosal layer

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10
Q

Which layer contain mesentric auribach plexus

A

Muscular layer

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11
Q

Which layer is continuation with the peritoneum

A

Serosa layer

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12
Q

Amount of gastric secretions per day

A

3 L .

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13
Q

What does gastric secretion consist of

A

Hcl
Pespinogen
Intrinsic factor for absorption of vitamin b12

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14
Q

Acidity of the hcl in the gastric secretions is

A

Hcl has a ph 1.5 to 3.5

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15
Q

Digestion has 3 phases mention them

A

Cephalic phase
Gastric phase
Intestinal phase

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16
Q

Which enzyme is secreted in the gastric phase

A

Gastrin, this phase continues until the stomach is emptied and the ph reachs]es 1.5

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17
Q

What’s the main event in the intestinal phase

A

Production of 3 hormones
GIP gastric inhibiting peptide , inhibits gastric motility and secretion .
Secretin , inhibits gastric secretions .
Cholecystokinin inhibity]snthe gastric emptying

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18
Q

Duration of gastric emptying

A

2-6 hours

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19
Q

Which substance stay the longest time in the stomach

A

Proteins

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20
Q

Duration of intestinal emptying

A

3-5 hours

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21
Q

What is the name of digested food

A

Chyme

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22
Q

Main characteristic of small intestine epithelium

A

Have microvilli ( brush border ) .

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23
Q

Ph of small intestines is

A

7.5 alkaline .

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24
Q

Amount of small intestine secretions is

A

3 L /day

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25
Q

Food movement in the small intestine is by 2 things

A

1- peristalsis
2 - segmentation .

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26
Q

The only site for absorption of bile salts and vitamin b12 in the GIt is

A

Ileum ( small intestine )

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27
Q

Most critical site for fluid and sodium conservation in the git

A

Ileum

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28
Q

Jejunum is
Hypertonic , isotonic or hypotonic

A

Isotonic

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29
Q

Which one is 3 times slower than the other
Jejunum or ileum

A

Ileum is 3 times slower than the Jejunum .

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30
Q

Resection of the ileum results in

A

Loss of bile salts that is not met by bile synthesis
Reduction of bile salts pool
Renal calculus
Cholelithiasis
Short gut syndrome
Increases intestinal Transit

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31
Q

Ileum resection leads to bile salts decreasement lead to 2 things to occur

A

Diarrhea
Reduction in salt and water resorption

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32
Q

Diarrhea due to ileum resection occurs due to
Treated by

A

Bile salts loss in the colon
Treated by cholestyramine

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33
Q

What does large intestines secrete
Does it have enzyme
Which unique component of the large intestine Do we have

A

It secretes mucosa
Doesn’t have enzymes
Have commensalism bacteria that have role I making vitamin B and vitamin K

34
Q

Commensalnbacteria in git present where
Which vitamin does it produce

A

In the large intestine
Member of vitamin b family
Vitamin K

35
Q

Efficiency of sodium and water resorption in the intestine is

A

90%

36
Q

Transit time in the large intestine is

A

24v- 150 hrs

37
Q

Flatus is is composed of

A

Hydrogen
Methane
CO2

38
Q

Amount of bile produced per day

A

1 L

39
Q

Bile contents

A

Bile salts
Bile pigments
Cholesterol

40
Q

Bile salts are essential for

A

Fat and fat soluble vitamins absorption

41
Q

Bile acids are conjugated to what

A

Glycine and tourine .

42
Q

Bile acids 2 mainly are

A

1 cholic acid
2 conedeocsholic acid

43
Q

What’s essential for maintaining bile salts pole

A

Enterohepatic circulation

44
Q

What’s bilirubin
And produced from

A

Is a bile salt
Produced by hemoglobin break w]down

45
Q

Is bilirubin lipohphilic or lipophobic

A

Lipophilic

46
Q

What does bilirubin converted to

A

Feces stecrobillin
Urine urobillinogen

47
Q

At which days physiological jaundice is common

A

Between day 3 and day 7

48
Q

Causes of physiological jaundice is

A

1 immature fetal liver enzymes
2 hemolysisi of fetal rbcs

49
Q

What is kernicterus
And caused by what

A

Kernicterus is deposition of bilirubin in basal ganglion
It can be caused by physiological jaundice .

50
Q

Is Bile alkaline or acidic

A

Alkaline

51
Q

Pancreatic juice alkaline or acidic

A

Alkaline

52
Q

Amount of pancreatic juice produced per day

A

1.5 L/day .

53
Q

Contents of pancreatic juice

A

Water
Sodium chloride
Sodium bicarbonate
Enzyme
Trypsinogen
Proelstase
Amylase
Lipsase
Chymotrypsinogen

54
Q

Energy provided by
Carbs
Proteins
Fat

A

Carbs 4.2 kcal/ g
Proteins’ 4.w kcal / g
Fat 9 kcal/g

55
Q

Daily requirement of energy per day kcal/kg/day

A

30kcal/kg/day

56
Q

Non- pregnant daily requirement
Pregnant
Lactating

A

2200 kcal /day
2400kcal/day
2800kcal/day

57
Q

Daily recommended intake of carbs is

A

400 g / day

58
Q

Daily recommended intake of fat is

A

100g/day

59
Q

Daily recommended intake of folic acid

A

400 microgram/day

60
Q

Daily recommended intake of in nonpregnant Ns in pregnancy

A

Nonpregnant 1.5g/kg/day
Pregnant 2 g / kg / day

61
Q

Iron requirement in nonpregnant

A

2.8g/day of nonpregnant
6g/day for pregnant

62
Q

Total body iron is

A

40 mg /kg body weight .

63
Q

IDA in pregnancy characterized by

A

Iron level less than 12 micromol/L
TIBC saturation < 15 %
Microcytic
Microchromic

64
Q

Fat soluble vitamins are

A

Vitamin A , vitamin d e.k

65
Q

Main gi vhanges in pregnancy

A

Vomiting
Heart burn due to relaxation of gastroesophageal sphincter
Constipation due to decreased motility bog intestinal smooth muscles due to the effect of progesterone
Delayed gastric emptying
Gingivitis due to increased vascularitynin the gums

66
Q

Normal urinary nitrogen excretion

A

14 g/day

67
Q

Nitrogen loss in menstruation is

A

2g / day

68
Q

Daily requirement of vitamin A retinol
Deficiency leads
When is considered toxicity dose

A

800 microgram/day
Def— keratomalcoaia night blindness
Toxicity > 3000 microgram/day

69
Q

Thiamine is which vitamin
It’s deficiency leads to
Daily requirement

A

Is vitamin B1
Beriberi
Wernicke -korsakoff syndrome
10000

70
Q

Riboflavin is b?
Deficiency
Daily requirement

A

B2
Ariboflavinosisi
1500

71
Q

Which one of vitamin b12 family leads to liver toxicity in high doses

A

B3 niacin

72
Q

B3 daily requirement dose
Deficiency

A

15000pellagra 4 Ds diarrhea dementia death dermatitis 4 ds

73
Q

Panathonic acid is which vitamin

A

Vitamin b5 and it’s defieciecy leads to parasthesia

74
Q

Pyrodixine is which vitamin
IT’s deficiency leads to
What dose causes toxicity and complaints will be
Daily requirement

A

B]vitamin B 6
Microcytic anemia
Periphernl neuropathy
Toxixty if more than > 100 g/ day imprairment in proprioception
2000 microgram/day

75
Q

Which one is biotin

A

B7 ‘; deficiency dermatitis and enteritis

76
Q

Folic acid is which one of vitamin b family

A

Vitamin b9 defiecency macrocytic anemia

77
Q

B12 daily requirement
Deficiency

A

2 microgram/day
Def megaloblastic anemia

78
Q

Vitamin C ascorbic acid daily requirement dose
Deficiency

A

30000 microgram/day
Deficiency ; scurvy

79
Q

Which dose is considered megadose of vitamin c

A

> 2 g / day

80
Q

Vitamin D calciferol daily requirement

A

10 microgram/ day
Rickets and osteomalacia results from its deficiency
> 50 micrograms/day hypervitsmo]inoisi

81
Q

Vitamin E defieciency leads to

A

Hemolytic anemia in newborn infants
Daily req 10000 microgram /day \

82
Q

جدول صفحه ١٤٠ بالكتاب
Which vitamin defieciency leads to bleeding diathesis

A

Vitamin K
Phlloquinone . A

Physiology (13 decks)

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