Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Physiology > Acid Base Balance Revision Notes > Flashcards

Acid Base Balance Revision Notes Flashcards

1
Q

Total body volume
Total blood volume

A

60%* body wieght’
42L
Blood 5.6 L (RBCS + plasma )

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Fluid losses from our body occurs in 4 routes mention them with the amount of loss

A

Lungs 400ml/day
Skin 1L / day
Feces 100ml / day
Urine output 1.5L / day

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Daily urine output min volume

A

400m; / day

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Maintenance fluid requirement daily

A

30 ml / kg /day

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Amount of Floyd fluid loss depends on

A

Humidity temp , intake

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Direct hormone regulate ECF

A

ADH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Hormones that indirectly regulate ECF

A

ANP
Renin angiotensin system directly regulate plasma osmolarity
Indirectly blood volume via aldosterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Minor regulators

A

Glucocorticoids
Catecholamines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Osmosis definition

A

Movement of water from low solute concentration to higher solute concentration.
Type of simple diffusion
Movement of water from the higher water content to the lower water content .

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Intracellueler fluid

A

28 L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

ECF

A

14 L
Plasma 1/4 = 3.5 L
Interstitial fluid 10.5 L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What power oppose osmotic pressure

A

The water passes from a high concentration outside of the vessels to a low concentration inside of the vessels, but equilibrium is never reached because the constant blood flow. Osmotic pressure works opposite to hydrostatic pressure to hold water and substances in the capillaries
Hydrostatic pressure

the pressure that is exerted by a fluid at equilibrium at a given point within the fluid, due to the force of gravity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

1osmol/ L depresses freezing point by how much

A

By 1.86 C’

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Define osmolality
Define osmolarity
Which one is measure for solute concentration

A

OsmolaLity Osm/ kg
Number of osmoles of solution per kg of solution
OsmolaRity
Number of osmoles of solute per Liter of solution . Osm/l

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Total plasma osmolarity

A

300mosm/ L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Consist of , concentration of
Na
Cl
Anion
K
Glu
Urea

A

Na 140
Cl 104 / 140
K 4
Anion 4
Glu 5
Urea 5
mOsm/L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Define starling law of the capillaries

A

Fluid movement across capillary membrane as a result for filtration .
Hydrostatic pressure vs on optic pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Starling low of forces define relationship between

Blood on optic pressure 26 mmhg , interstitial on optic pressure 1 hydrostatic pressure arterial 35,
A

Hydrostatic pressure and on optic pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Net filtration pressure

A

Pressure promotiong filtration - pressure promoting reabsorption
Arterial Nfp = 35 +1 - 26+0 = 10 mmhg. ( blood hydrostatic pressure+ interstitial hydrostatic pressure - interstitial on optic + blood on oncotic pressure )
Venous NFP = 16+1 - 26 + 0 =-9 mmhg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

O edema definition

A

Increased fluid in the interstitial space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Anasarca

A

Generak]lized edema with subcutaneous tissue swelling .

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Pathophysiology of the edema

A

1 increased hydrostatic pressure
2 decreased oncotic pressure
3 lymphatic obstruction
4 na retention
5 inflammation .

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Causes of edema

A

Lymphatic obstruction : inflammation . Post surgical , postradiation , neoplasia .
Na retention : renin angiotensin system activation increased activity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Plasma content

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Blood content

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Main organs in regulation acid base balance

A

Kidneys
Lungs ‘blood
Bone liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

How does liver regulate acid base balance

A

By producing HCO3- and NH4+ thru glutamine metabolism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Anion gap definition

A

Difference between body cations and anions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Nl value for anion gap

A

8-16meq/l
12+4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Causes of high anion gap , mostly it’s metabolic acidosis

A

Lactic acidosis methanol , salicylate , paraldehyde .
Ketoacidosis
Hyopalbuminemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Decreased anion gap

A

Myeloma
Bromide

32
Q
A
33
Q
A
34
Q

Co2 -> <- H+ + hco3-
What causes shift to the left
What causes shift to the right

A

Increase h+ leads to shift to the left consuming hco3- it will decrease and generating co2
Decrease in hco3- will lead to shift to the right , generating H+ , consumes CO2

35
Q

Always a net gain in H+ = net gain in HCO3-

A
36
Q

PH definition

A

It’s a logarithmic relationship o]with H concentration
Ph = - log (H+)
Ph = pk+ log10 ( hco3-/co2)

37
Q

Normal values on maternal blood
O2 sat
Hb
Po2
Pco2
Hco3-
Ph base excess

A

Hb 12
Po2 100 mmhg
Pco2 40 mmhg , 4 kpa
Hco3- 24 mEQ/l
Base excess -2 to +2
Nl ph 7.34 to 7. 44 toward alkalosis .

38
Q

What happens in pregnancy for each h+ co 2 , hco3- , respiratory rate , min ventilation tidal volume

A

In pregnancy due to the effect of progesterone min ventilation increase leading to washing of CO2 mild hyopcapnia; which result in decrease H+ ; so it’s a state of respiratory alkalosis , with matabolic compensation by the kidneys
Respiratory rate spent change in pregnancy . Tidal volume increase .

39
Q

Percentage of o2 seats in fetus

A

Venous 75%
Arterial 25%

40
Q

Ph of the fetus
Venous
Arterial

A

Venous 7.17- 7.48 alkalitic
Arterial 7.o7 - 7. 38 acidic

41
Q

Hi of the fetus

A

18

42
Q

Po2

A

Venous 35
At]rterial25

43
Q

Co2 pressure in the fetus

A

80-100 mmhg
8-10 kpa

44
Q

Base excess
In the fetus vein and artrey

A

Vein -1 to 9
Artrey -2.5 to10

45
Q

Which is slow , respiratory or metabolic compensation

A

Respiratory very fast
Metabolic slow

46
Q

When does respiratory compensation occurs

A

It only occurs in case of metabolic disorders
It can’t compensate for primary respiratory disorders at all.

47
Q

How does metabolic compensation occur
And what does compensate for

A

Via kidneys
It compensate for metabolic disorders caused by non kidney cause and for respiratory disorders

48
Q

HCO3- m]is manufactured in ?

A

DCT
Collecting duct

49
Q

Which tubule of the kidney that doesn’t have a role in acid - base balance

A

PCT

50
Q

How does DCT cells produce HCO3 - and why

A

The me[anifacture it since they have carbonic anhydrase
Co2 + h2o= h2co3 = h+. +. Hco3- .
H2co3 is unstable organ rapidly catalyzed to h=+ & hco3-
Then HCO3- goes to the circulation and H+ secreted in the urine to buffer it by NH4+ and HPO4-2

51
Q

What buffers H+ in the urine

A

Nh4+
HPO4-2

52
Q

Increased NH4+ production by the kidneys does it increase in acidosis or m]alkalosis

A

Nh4+ is increased in acidosis

53
Q

What happen at the cellular level when long term acidosis occur
H+
K+

A

H+ is in excess amount at the ECF so it starts to enter into the cell
Then to replace it the k+ will be shifted out of the cell leading to hyperkalemia

54
Q

Hypokalemia occurs with acidosis or alkalosis

A

It occurs with alkalosis
Acidosis - hyperkalemia

55
Q

Define base deficit /excess

A

Is the amount of acid or alkali needed for 1 L of blood to retain Nl pH
At a pco2 5.3 kpa ant temp 37 C*

56
Q

What we use to calculate acid base deficit
Normal range

A

We use bicarbonate concentration (hco3-) and ph values
Base excess = 0.93 * ( hco3 - _ 24.4) + 14.8* (ph-7.4 ) .
Normal range -2 to +2 .

57
Q

Negative base excess means

A

No hco3 excess means less hco3 = acidosis

58
Q

Positive base excess means

A

More hco3- more alkalosis
Base deficit العكس

59
Q

Actual base exceed

A

Is the base excess value in the blood
It’s not a true presentation of the base excess in the ECF .

60
Q

What is the standard base excess not actual

A

It’s the base excess in the blood when the hub is 5g/dl
Better presentation for base excess in the ECF .

61
Q

Total body bicarbonate deficit

A

0.3 * base deficit * body wight kg

62
Q

Cord compression in fetus lead to which type of acid base disorder

A

Respiratory acidosis .

63
Q

Placental insufficiency in fetus leads to which type of acid base disorder

A

Leads to metabolic acidosis

64
Q

Which causes increased lactate , septic shock

A

Anaerobic metabolism

65
Q

When does body shift to the lactate production , anaerobic metabolism in the fetus

A

Hypoxia o2 sat less than 25

66
Q

What’s osmolarity changes in pregnancy

A

It decreases by 10 mmhg due to the effect of progesterone .

67
Q

What changes happen to co2 and hco3 -

A

Co2 decreases so hco3 decreases as response to the decrease in co2 ; alkalosis respiratory compensated

68
Q

What sodium changes in pregnancy occur and why

A

Decreased Ns why
Sue to decrease in hco3- and resetting of plasma osmolarity .

69
Q
A
70
Q
A
71
Q
A
72
Q
A
73
Q
A
74
Q
A
75
Q

https://nurseslabs.com/arterial-blood-gas-abgs-nclex-quiz/

A

https://www.registerednursern.com/abg-arterial-blood-gas-practice-quizzes-with-tic-tac-toe-method/?

Physiology (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions