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Physiology > Cvs Physiology > Flashcards

Cvs Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

Isovolumetric contraction when does it happen

A

It happen while ventriculer contraction when all 4 valves are closed same volume with increase in pressure
During 1st heart sound . Between R and S wave

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2
Q

CVP waves 3 waves and 2 descents

A

A wave atrial systole
C wave ventriculer systole
V wave. Atrial filling against closed tricuspid valves .
X deascent at the end of atrial systole
Y descent following tricuspid opening

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3
Q

Normal value of CVP is

A

0-10 mmhg .

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4
Q

In CVP waves which wave occurs due to atrial systole

A

Atrial contraction

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5
Q

Which wave occurs at. Ventricular contraction

A

C wave

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6
Q

Ydescent when does it occur

A

Follows tricuspid valve opening

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7
Q

Y descent it occurs due to what

A

When the tricuspid valves is closed and the volume is increasing in the atrium while filling so pressure is decreased

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8
Q

V wave occurs due

A

Atrial filling against closed tricuspid valve

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9
Q

1st heart sound occur due which phase and between which phase

A

1st heart sound is due to AV valves blockage
During the beginning of ventricular systeole
During isovolumetric contranction

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10
Q

S2 when does it happen

A

It happens due to semiluner valves closure
Usuallly split. And occurs at the end of ventricular systole

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11
Q

What’s is great sound that is physiological and occurs during pregnancy and in neonates and exercise

A

S3 gallop , occurs at early diastole beginning of ventricular diastole
Due to rapid ventricular filling .

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12
Q

Which heart sound occur before s1 at the late diastole

A

S4 due to force ejection of blood against stiff ventricle
Never normal
Absent in atrial fibrillation
During atrial systole

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13
Q

Important video for heart sounds

https://youtu.be/zNHI-l_c-ls

A

Ilustration for heart sounds and murmure

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14
Q

Physiological and pathological murmurs

A
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15
Q

Hyper dynamic status causes and murmur resulting from it

A
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16
Q

Chambers pressure eight atrium left atrium
Relight ventricle
Left ventricle
Pi]ulmonary artrey

A

Right atrium 1-7
Left atrium 10-15
Right ventricle 35 systole ‘]4 diastole ‘
Left ventricle 140 systole diastole 10
Pulmonary artrey 35 /15

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17
Q

At ECG interval in secs for each
P-R
QRS
QT
Which one depends on the heart rate

A

P-R interval 0.1 to 0.2 ‘from the beginning of p wave till the bigening of Q wave
QRS 0.12 secs
QT interval from 0.3 to 0.4 secs depends on the heart rate

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18
Q

What leads to prolonged increased QT interval

A

Hyopcalcemia
Hypokalemia
Quinidine

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19
Q

What leads to decreases QT interval

A

Hyperkalemia
Hypercalcemia
Digoxin

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20
Q

Digoxin leads to —————- QT interval

A

Prolonged

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21
Q

Hypokalemia leads to ————- QT interval .
Quinidine leads to ————— QT interval .
Hypercalcemia leads to ————— QT interval .
Hypocalcemia leads to _—————- QT interval .

A

Prolonged
Prolonged
Decrease
Prolonged

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22
Q

Mixed venous saturation is
Left side saturation is

A

Mixed venous saturation is 60%
Left sided saturation is 96 %

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23
Q

Define SV and it’s formula

A

SV is the volume of blood ejected by the ventricle during systole .
SV = EDV - ESV
80 ml
120 - 40
80

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24
Q

Ejection fraction formula

A

ef = SV / EDV * 100 % .
= 0.68 68 %

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25
Q

Formula of co
Resting o for males resting CO for females
Cardiac index

A

SV* HR
For males 5.5 L/min
For female 4.5 L/min
CO/ body surface area = 3.2 L/min/m2

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26
Q

Starling law define it

A

Force of contraction is proportional to the fiber length
Fiber length is proportional to muscle stretch ventricular muscle stretch ventricular dilatation
Ventricular dilatation is proportional with venous return .

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27
Q

Venous return = preload depends p]on

A

Total blood volume
Venous tone
Gravity
Calf muscle intrathoracic pressure .

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28
Q

After load depends on what

A

It depends on arterial resistance .

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29
Q

When EDV increases with Increasing SV and increasing venous return or preload

A

SV is direct proportional to VR

30
Q

Cardiac autonomic control is by 2 things mention them

A

1 ) baroreceptors .
2 ) chemoreceptors .

31
Q

Baroreceptors Dowhich Type of autonomic control on heart
Mention the three types

A

The are inhiBitory
1 ) carotid sinus
2 ) aortic body
3 ) floor of the 4th ventricle .

32
Q

Where is the site of the carotid sinus what it’s function
Supplied by ?
Type of :

A

At the bifurcation of common carotids
Supplied by gloss-pharyngeal nerve
It’s a type the baroreceptors which have inhibitory autonomic control oh]n the heart .

33
Q

Aortic body site
Sensitive to what

A

At the aortic arch
Sensitive to partial pressure of O2 CO2 , PH

34
Q

Floor of 4th ventricle is sensitive to what
Define Cushing reflex

A

Is sensitive to increase in CSF .
Cushing reflex- increase in CSF= increase in BP .

35
Q

Chemoreceptors 2 types

A

1 carotid body
2 central chemoreceptors

36
Q

Carotid body ;
Site of it ;
Sensitive to what

A

At the bifurcation of the carotid artrey
Sensitive to PO2 , PCO2 , PH

37
Q

Central chemoreceptors are sensitive to

A

CO2

38
Q

% of CO that goes for the coronary circulation .
Heart receives ——- % of CO.

A

4-5 % of Co

39
Q

1)Corornary flow rate at rest=
2) when it’s at its maximum

A

1) 80ml/min
2) at diastole

40
Q

Myocardial oxygen consumption

A

8ml per 100 g of tissue .

41
Q

Blood vessels wall composed of 3 layers

A

1 tunica interna
2 tunica media
3 tunica externa

42
Q

Which layer of the smooth muscle layer contains smooth muscle

A

Theca media

43
Q

Which one of the 3 blood vessel layer is thickest in the vein and in the artrey

A

In the artrey thickest layer is tunica media.
In the vein thickest layer is tunica externa.

44
Q

Which one had valves
Artrey or vein

A

Vain has valves

45
Q

Capillaries hac]ve single layer of which one of the 3 blood vessels layers

A

The theca interna

46
Q

Define BP as a formula = ——-* ———

A

BP = SVR * HR

47
Q

BP depends

A

1 blood volume
Viscosity of the blood
Elasticity of blood wall
Length of blood vessel
Diameter of blood vessel
Hormone 3 AAA
adrenaline
ADH
ACE angiotensin converting enzyme

48
Q

BP pressure depends on 3 hormones mention them

A

ADH
Adrenaline
ACE

49
Q

Define MAP formula

A

= diastolic p + 1/3 ( syst BP - diastolic BP ) .

50
Q

SVR depends on 3 factors

A

Neurogenic 1
Metabolic 2
Endocrine 3

51
Q

Clarify SVR depends on neurogenic factors

A

The central sympathetic outflow ,

52
Q

Clarify SVR depends on metabolic factors

A

H+ , O2 , CO2 , k+

53
Q

Clarify SVR depends on % endocrine factors

A

1 serotonin
2 kin in
3 catecholamines
4 adenosine
5 prostaglandins

54
Q

Blood flow follows which law
Blood flow is proportional to what

A

Poiselleuos law ‘
4 factor to direct proportional to flow and 3 inversely proportional
Pressure and radius directly proportional
Viscosity and length k]inversely proportional

55
Q

At which hematocrit does viscosity increase

A

At hematocrit > 45 %

56
Q

Blood composition 55% , 45%

A

55% of our blood is plasma
45 % of our blood is cells

57
Q

Blood cell types 3 mention them

A

1 leucocytes
2 erythrocytes
3 thrombocytes

58
Q

Blood cells are formed by
Derived from

A

Formed by hemtopoesis
Derived from stem and cells

59
Q

Which one of blood cells contain HB

A

RBCs

60
Q

Describe the structure of the erythrocytes diameter , nucleus presence , lifespan

A

Biconcave disc
120 days
8mm
Doesn’t a]have a nucleus

61
Q

Define blood groups

A

Is the classification of blood depends on the presence or absence of antigen substance on the surface of the RBCS

62
Q

2 main system of blood groups are

A

Abo rheuses

63
Q

—-% of Caucasian have are RH+ve

A

80 %

64
Q

Describe O blood group ani]tingen , surface2 antibody on the plasma , compatible donor , incompatible donor

A

Antigen none
A, B
O
A,B,AB

65
Q

Describe A blood group antigen , surface2 antibody on the plasma , compatible donor , incompatible donor

A

Antigen A
Antibody B
A,O
B , AB

66
Q

Describe B blood group ani]tingen , surface2 antibody on the plasma , compatible donor , incompatible donor

A

B
A
O, b
A,ab

67
Q

Describe AB blood group ani]tingen , surface2 antibody on the plasma , compatible donor , incompatible donor

A

Antigen AB
Antibody none
A ,b , ab ,O
None

68
Q

Lecocyte % in the blood

A

1%

69
Q

Leucocytes does it have a nucleus or not

A

It does have a nucleus 3ks el erythrocytes which doesn’t have a nucleus .

70
Q

Serotonin is secreted by which blood cell

A

Thrombocytes

71
Q

Function of serotonin

A

Vasoconstriction

72
Q

2 main functions of thrombocytes

A

Secrete serotonin 1
Making platelet plug

Physiology (13 decks)

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