Cvs Physiology Flashcards by Sally Awad

Isovolumetric contraction when does it happen

It happen while ventriculer contraction when all 4 valves are closed same volume with increase in pressure
During 1st heart sound . Between R and S wave

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CVP waves 3 waves and 2 descents

A wave atrial systole
C wave ventriculer systole
V wave. Atrial filling against closed tricuspid valves .
X deascent at the end of atrial systole
Y descent following tricuspid opening

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Normal value of CVP is

0-10 mmhg .

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In CVP waves which wave occurs due to atrial systole

Atrial contraction

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Which wave occurs at. Ventricular contraction

C wave

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Ydescent when does it occur

Follows tricuspid valve opening

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Y descent it occurs due to what

When the tricuspid valves is closed and the volume is increasing in the atrium while filling so pressure is decreased

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V wave occurs due

Atrial filling against closed tricuspid valve

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1st heart sound occur due which phase and between which phase

1st heart sound is due to AV valves blockage
During the beginning of ventricular systeole
During isovolumetric contranction

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S2 when does it happen

It happens due to semiluner valves closure
Usuallly split. And occurs at the end of ventricular systole

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What’s is great sound that is physiological and occurs during pregnancy and in neonates and exercise

S3 gallop , occurs at early diastole beginning of ventricular diastole
Due to rapid ventricular filling .

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Which heart sound occur before s1 at the late diastole

S4 due to force ejection of blood against stiff ventricle
Never normal
Absent in atrial fibrillation
During atrial systole

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Important video for heart sounds

https://youtu.be/zNHI-l_c-ls

Ilustration for heart sounds and murmure

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Physiological and pathological murmurs

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Hyper dynamic status causes and murmur resulting from it

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Chambers pressure eight atrium left atrium
Relight ventricle
Left ventricle
Pi]ulmonary artrey

Right atrium 1-7
Left atrium 10-15
Right ventricle 35 systole ‘]4 diastole ‘
Left ventricle 140 systole diastole 10
Pulmonary artrey 35 /15

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At ECG interval in secs for each
P-R
QRS
QT
Which one depends on the heart rate

P-R interval 0.1 to 0.2 ‘from the beginning of p wave till the bigening of Q wave
QRS 0.12 secs
QT interval from 0.3 to 0.4 secs depends on the heart rate

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What leads to prolonged increased QT interval

Hyopcalcemia
Hypokalemia
Quinidine

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What leads to decreases QT interval

Hyperkalemia
Hypercalcemia
Digoxin

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Digoxin leads to —————- QT interval

Prolonged

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Hypokalemia leads to ————- QT interval .
Quinidine leads to ————— QT interval .
Hypercalcemia leads to ————— QT interval .
Hypocalcemia leads to _—————- QT interval .

Prolonged
Prolonged
Decrease
Prolonged

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Mixed venous saturation is
Left side saturation is

Mixed venous saturation is 60%
Left sided saturation is 96 %

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Define SV and it’s formula

SV is the volume of blood ejected by the ventricle during systole .
SV = EDV - ESV
80 ml
120 - 40
80

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Ejection fraction formula

ef = SV / EDV * 100 % .
= 0.68 68 %

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Formula of co Resting o for males resting CO for females Cardiac index

SV* HR For males 5.5 L/min For female 4.5 L/min CO/ body surface area = 3.2 L/min/m2

Starling law define it

Force of contraction is proportional to the fiber length Fiber length is proportional to muscle stretch ventricular muscle stretch ventricular dilatation Ventricular dilatation is proportional with venous return .

Venous return = preload depends p]on

Total blood volume Venous tone Gravity Calf muscle intrathoracic pressure .

After load depends on what

It depends on arterial resistance .

When EDV increases with Increasing SV and increasing venous return or preload

SV is direct proportional to VR

Cardiac autonomic control is by 2 things mention them

1 ) baroreceptors . 2 ) chemoreceptors .

Baroreceptors Dowhich Type of autonomic control on heart Mention the three types

The are inhiBitory 1 ) carotid sinus 2 ) aortic body 3 ) floor of the 4th ventricle .

Where is the site of the carotid sinus what it’s function Supplied by ? Type of :

At the bifurcation of common carotids Supplied by gloss-pharyngeal nerve It’s a type the baroreceptors which have inhibitory autonomic control oh]n the heart .

Aortic body site Sensitive to what

At the aortic arch Sensitive to partial pressure of O2 CO2 , PH

Floor of 4th ventricle is sensitive to what Define Cushing reflex

Is sensitive to increase in CSF . Cushing reflex- increase in CSF= increase in BP .

Chemoreceptors 2 types

1 carotid body 2 central chemoreceptors

Carotid body ; Site of it ; Sensitive to what

At the bifurcation of the carotid artrey Sensitive to PO2 , PCO2 , PH

Central chemoreceptors are sensitive to

CO2

% of CO that goes for the coronary circulation . Heart receives ——- % of CO.

4-5 % of Co

1)Corornary flow rate at rest= 2) when it’s at its maximum

1) 80ml/min 2) at diastole

Myocardial oxygen consumption

8ml per 100 g of tissue .

Blood vessels wall composed of 3 layers

1 tunica interna 2 tunica media 3 tunica externa

Which layer of the smooth muscle layer contains smooth muscle

Theca media

Which one of the 3 blood vessel layer is thickest in the vein and in the artrey

In the artrey thickest layer is tunica media. In the vein thickest layer is tunica externa.

Which one had valves Artrey or vein

Vain has valves

Capillaries hac]ve single layer of which one of the 3 blood vessels layers

The theca interna

Define BP as a formula = ——-* ———

BP = SVR * HR

BP depends

1 blood volume Viscosity of the blood Elasticity of blood wall Length of blood vessel Diameter of blood vessel Hormone 3 AAA adrenaline ADH ACE angiotensin converting enzyme

BP pressure depends on 3 hormones mention them

ADH Adrenaline ACE

Define MAP formula

= diastolic p + 1/3 ( syst BP - diastolic BP ) .

SVR depends on 3 factors

Neurogenic 1 Metabolic 2 Endocrine 3

Clarify SVR depends on neurogenic factors

The central sympathetic outflow ,

Clarify SVR depends on metabolic factors

H+ , O2 , CO2 , k+

Clarify SVR depends on % endocrine factors

1 serotonin 2 kin in 3 catecholamines 4 adenosine 5 prostaglandins

Blood flow follows which law Blood flow is proportional to what

Poiselleuos law ‘ 4 factor to direct proportional to flow and 3 inversely proportional Pressure and radius directly proportional Viscosity and length k]inversely proportional

At which hematocrit does viscosity increase

At hematocrit > 45 %

Blood composition 55% , 45%

55% of our blood is plasma 45 % of our blood is cells

Blood cell types 3 mention them

1 leucocytes 2 erythrocytes 3 thrombocytes

Blood cells are formed by Derived from

Formed by hemtopoesis Derived from stem and cells

Which one of blood cells contain HB

RBCs

Describe the structure of the erythrocytes diameter , nucleus presence , lifespan

Biconcave disc 120 days 8mm Doesn’t a]have a nucleus

Define blood groups

Is the classification of blood depends on the presence or absence of antigen substance on the surface of the RBCS

2 main system of blood groups are

Abo rheuses

—-% of Caucasian have are RH+ve

80 %

Describe O blood group ani]tingen , surface2 antibody on the plasma , compatible donor , incompatible donor

Antigen none A, B O A,B,AB

Describe A blood group antigen , surface2 antibody on the plasma , compatible donor , incompatible donor

Antigen A Antibody B A,O B , AB

Describe B blood group ani]tingen , surface2 antibody on the plasma , compatible donor , incompatible donor

B A O, b A,ab

Describe AB blood group ani]tingen , surface2 antibody on the plasma , compatible donor , incompatible donor

Antigen AB Antibody none A ,b , ab ,O None

Lecocyte % in the blood

Leucocytes does it have a nucleus or not

It does have a nucleus 3ks el erythrocytes which doesn’t have a nucleus .

Serotonin is secreted by which blood cell

Thrombocytes

Function of serotonin

Vasoconstriction

2 main functions of thrombocytes

Secrete serotonin 1 Making platelet plug