GIT 5th ASSESSMENT Flashcards
Decrease duration and intensity of cold symptoms
Echinacea
Treatment of respiratory ailments such as bronchitis and asthma and as a CNS stimulant
Ephedra (Ma huang)
Treatment of intermittent claudication and cerebral insufficiency and dementia
Gingko
Improve of physical and mental performance
GInseng
Reduction of pain associated with osteoarthritis (sulfate formulation)
Glucosamine
Decrease jet lag symptoms and as a sleep aid
Melatonin
Has cytokine activation and anti-inflammatory properties. It is effective for aerial (above-ground) parts of E purpurea plants in the early treatment of colds.
Echinacea
The major chemical constiuents of Ephedra
Ephedrine and pseudoephidrine
Acts in indirect-acting sympathomimetics that release norepinephrine from sympathetic nerve endings
Ma Huang
Toxicity includes dizziness, insomia, anorexia, flushing, palpatations, tachycardia and urinary retention (-> urinary acidification)
Ephedra
Contains organix thiosulfinates that can forl allicin (for odor) via enzymes activated by disruption of the bulb
Garlic
Toxicity includes GI effects, anxiety, insomnia, headache, possible antiplatelet action
Gingko
Has estrogenic effects includes mastalgia and vaginal bleeding, insomnia, nervousness and hypertension
Ginseng
Herbal plant for cough, asthma and fever
Lagundu\i (five-leaved chaste tree)
For muscle pain arthritism rhematism, cough and headache herbal plant
Yerba (Hierba) Buena
Herbal plant use for anti-edema- duiretic and anti-urolithiasis
Sambong
Uses of Tsaang Gubat (Scorpion busdh, Fukien tea tree)
Diarrhea and Stomachache
Uses and effect of Niyu-niyugan (Chinese honeysuckle)
Anti-helmintic
Not to be given to children <4yrs old
Uses of Bayabas/ Guava
- For washing wounds
- Diarrhea
GArgle and toothache
Uses of Akapulko (Ringworm bush)
- Scabies
- antifungal and athlete’s footh
- tinea flava
- ringworm
Uses for lower uric acid, gout and rheumatism
Ulasimang bato/Pepper elder
Uses of GArlic
hypotension and toothache
Uses fo Ampalaya
Diabetes Mellitus
An inactive medication made to resemble the investigational formulation as much as possible
Placebo
A substance that is added to the diet to improve health and which usually contains dietary ingredients such vitamins, minerals, amino acid and enzyme
Nutritional suppliment
Treatments that are not generally recognized by the medical community as standard or conventional medical approaches
Alternative medicinie
A clinical trial that compares a group of subjects who are receiving a treatment with a closely matched group of individuals who are not receiving treamtnet,
Controlled clinical trial
Administration of cathartic may hasten removal toxins from the GI tract & reduce absorption. W/c of the drug is an example?
Activated charcoal
Polyethylene glycol
Aluminnum hydroxide
Ipecac syrup
Polyethylene glycol
A 8 month old infant was accidentaly given a large dose of Paracetamol. W/c is the treatment of choice for this toxidrome?
ACETYLCYSTEINE
This drug can clear trypanosomes from the blood & lymph nodes & is activated in the late CNS stages of African Sleeping Sickness.
Melarsopol
W/c of the ff is true regarding the pharmacodynamic of Primaquine?
- Change of receptor structure preventing the parasites to adhere & multiply
- Forms electron-trasnferring redox compounds that act as cellular oxidants
- Deravatives are metabolized in the food vacuole of the parasite forming toxic free radicals
- Complexes w/ double str&ed DNA to prevent str& seperation
Forms electron-trasnferring redox compounds that act as cellular oxidants
A 27yr old man from South Korea has recetly moved in Cebu. He has symptoms of chonorchiasi (anorexia, upper abdominal pain, eosinophila) presumably contracted in his homeland where Oriental liver fluke is endemic. He also has symptoms of diphyllobothriasis (abdominal distension, diarrhea, anemia) probably cause by consumption of raw fish. W/c drug is most liekly to be effective in the treatment of both clonorchis and diphyllobothriasis?
Praziquantel
W/c is an antidote to CO poisoning?
oxygen
Decontamination of a patinet should be done simultaneously with:
Initial stabilization
A malnourished 10 yr old child who lives in a rural area in Cebu presents with weakness, fever, cough, abdominal pain and eosinophila. A presumptive diagnosis of Ascariasis was made by the examining physician, howeve microscopy revelas that the stool contain the eggs of Necator americanus. The drug most likely to be effective in the treatment of this child is:
Mebendazole or abendazole or pyrantel pamoate
A missionary from the US is sent to work in a geographic region of a Central American country where Onchocerca volvulus is endemic. W/c drug should be used prophalactically to prevent Ochocerciasis?
Ivermectin
W/c parasite is susceptible to Niclosamide?
- Ascaris lumbricoides
- F hepatica
- N. amercanus
- T solium
T solium
The antidote for benzodiazepine poisoning:
Flumazenil
A 5yr old child was given cassava that was bought from the sidewalk vendors. The child had episodes of vomiting and seizures. He was then immediately brought to the ER. Basing from the most likely poison, what would be the possible antidote?
Hydroxocobalamin
The antidote for Theophylline overdose.
Esmolol (-beta blockers and propanolol)
W/c helminthic infection does not respond to treatment w/ Praziquantel?
- Paragonimiasis
- Hydatid disease
- Schistosomiasis
- Opisthorchiasis
Hydatid disease
One of the ff is the possible antidote for methanol poisoning.
- Naloxone
- Hyperbaric oxygen
- Dimercaprol
- Ethanol
Ethanol
The antidote for propranolol overdose.
Glucagon
Pyrantel pamoate stimulates what receptos w/c are present at neuromuscular junctions of nematodes?
Nicotnic
A 40 yr old px was brought to the ER w/ depressed sensorium. An empty bottle of a certain substance was noted near the px. A gastric lavage is contemplated by the physician but w/c of the ff is true regarding this procedure?
- This can be done even after 24 hrs of ingestion.
- It is contraindicated if there is ingestion of hydrocarbons
- An inactivated charcoal should be used w/ this procedure
- This should be repeated after 72hr if a corrusive substance was ingested
It is contraindicated if there is ingestion of hydrocarbons
Artemisinins are blood schizonticides active against P falciparum w/c has the ff mode of action:
- Increased activity of DNA repair mechanisms
- Deratives are metablozed in the food vacuole of the parasite forming toxic free radicals
- Increased synthesis of dihydrofolate reductase
- Decreased accumumlation of the drug in the food vacuole forming acidic metabolites
Deratives are metablozed in the food vacuole of the parasite forming toxic free radicals
A farm worker was accidentaly in the field during the aerial spraying with parathion. He was brought to the emergency department. W/c of the ff will be used in the tx of this px?
Atropine & pralidoxime
A poisoned px was brought to the ER & intial laboratories showed the presence of metabolic acidosis. W/c of the ff can be given to the px?
Na bicarbonate
Na stibogluconate is a drug for Leishmaniasis, w/c of the ff is true regarding the adverse effect of this drug?
- Since it has potential cause to disrupt cardiac conduction, it must be admitted orally
- It is administered via IM can cause several days of muscle fatigue
- A subcutaneous adminstration will help decrease the adverse effect of spontaneous
- It must be administered parenterally and is potentailly cardiotoxic
It must be administered parenterally and is potentailly cardiotoxic
A 33 yr old male w/ a known co-morbidity & was a previous IV drug users, was diagnosed of having hookworm infection and was prescribed w/ Pyrantel pamoate. This drug should be used with caution in px w/:
Hepatic dysfunction
Morphine overdose can be countered by w/c drug?
Naloxone
Miosis of the pupil is a typical toxic effect of w/c drug?
Cocaine
Mydriasis of the pupils is a typical toxic effect of w/ drug?
Atropine
Dizziness is a common adverse effect of this drug wherein px are advised not to drive for 24 hrs.
Oxamniquine
W/c drug enhances the actions of GABA in nematodes causing muscles paralysis?
Ivermictin
A 32yr old male px presents w/ lower abdominal discomfort, flatulence, & occasional diarrhea. A diagnosis of intestinal amebiasis is made & E hystolytica identified in diarrheal stools. The treatment for this scenario is:
Metrodinazole
The action of ALbendazole is thought to involved
Microtubule assembly
A 55yr old chronic hypertensive man tried to commit suicide by indigesting a large amount of Amlodipine. What is the appropriate antidote for this clinical scenario?
Calcium
Severe overdose of Quinine results in one of the ff adverse events:
- Prolongation of QT interval
- Increased uric acid level
- Increased impulses across CNS astrocytes
- Depression of the GABA receptors
Prolongation of QT interval
The mechanism of resistance of Plasmodium resistance to choloroquine.
Decrease accumulation of the drug in the food vacuole
