Gi Tract Flashcards
Gastro- oesophageal reflux disorder symptoms
Heart burn, sour mouth, acid reflux.
Symptoms of indigestion/ dyspepsia
Pain in stomach, bloating, burping, nausea, heartburn
Symptoms of ulcers and cause
Pain, bleeding. Caused by bacterial infection, NSAIDS, smoking, stress
Action of antacids
Neutralise the acid in the stomach
Maalox
Antacid
Rennies
Antacid
Simeticone
Antacid + (produces gas to relieve tension)
Alginates
Antacid + (forms a raft)
When to take antacids
1hr before or after food, 2hr between other medication
Side effects of antacids
Constipation for those with aluminium, diarrhoea for Mg. White poop
H2 receptor antagonist action
Block H2 receptors on parietal cells in stomach to reduce acid production
Cimetidine/ Tagamet
H2 receptor antagonist
Famotidine/ Pepcid
H2 receptor antagonist
Nizatidine/ axid
H2 receptor antagonist
Ranitidine/ zantac
H2 receptor antagonist
Proton pump inhibitor action
Binds permanently to a proton pump so no acid can be made until a new cell is produced
Lansoprazole/ zoton
Proton pump inhibitors
Esomeprazole/ nexium
Proton pump inhibitors
Omeprazole/ losec
Proton pump inhibitors
Pantoprazole/ protium
Proton pump inhibitors
Rabeprazole/ pariet
Proton pump inhibitors
How long do h2 receptor antagonists work
Within an hour, not with antacids won’t work, take at bedtime
Drug interaction of cimetidine
Retards liver metabolism in the liver DO NOT TAKE WITH warfarin, phenytoin or theophylline
How to take Proton pump inhibitors
30 mins before food, don’t chew up
Interaction of Proton pump inhibitors
Metabolism of diazepam, phenytoin, warfarin
Absorption of digoxin, ketoconazole, ampicillin
Antibiotics (clarythromycin, amoxycillin, metronidazole, tetracycline)
H. Pylori caused bacteria
What allergy means not to give antibiotics
Penicillin allergy
Synthetic prostaglandin E1 action
Protective to stimulate the release of mucous
Use of synthetic prostaglandin e1
For NSAID induced ulcers
Misoprostol/ cytotec
Synthetic prostaglandin e1
Side effect of misoprostol
Don’t give to pregnant women, abdo pain
Sulcralfate/ antespin
Coats the ulcer for 6 hours
Side effect of sucralfate
Metallic taste, constipation and nausea
Action of antispasmodics
Relax smooth muscle of the intestine for IBS and diverticular disease
What receptors do antispasmodics work on
Muscarinic receptors
Dicyclomine hydrochloride/ kolanticon or merbentyl
Antispasmodics
Hyoscine butylbromide/ buscopan
Antispasmodics
Probantheline bromide/ pro-banthine
Antispasmodics
Side effects of antispasmodics
Dry mouth, constipation and confusion in the elderly
Gut propellants action
Dopamine receptors on the stomach sphincter and intestine to increase peristalsis
Metoclopramide/ maxolon
Gut propellant
Domperidone/ motilium
Gut propellant
Use of gut propellants
Nausea and vomiting and reflux
Side effect of gut propellants
Metoclopramide affects central dopamine receptors in the young and in the old
Acute diarrhoea treatment
Oral rehydration therapy
Action of ORT
Adds the electrolytes to the system to allow more water to be reabsorbed
Action if antidiarrhoeals
Opioid related drugs to decrease peristalsis in both intestines and lower the explosive contractions of the colon
Loperamide/ Imodium
Antidiarrhoeals
Co-phenotrope
Antidiarrhoeals
Kaolin and morphine
Antidiarrhoeals
Action of bulk forming laxatives
Increase faecal mass by stimulating peristalsis
Ispaghula husk/ fybogel or regulan
Bulk forming laxative
Action of stimulant laxative
Increase peristalsis to move the stool through the large intestine
Bisacodyl, senna/ sennokol
Stimulant laxative
Side effect of stimulant laxative
Lazy bowel, works within 6-12 hours
Osmotic laxative action
Contain salts to draw water into the gut making stools softer
Macrogols/ movicol, mg salts,
Osmotic laxatives
How quickly do osmotic laxatives work
Lactulose and Macrogols take a couple of days, mg salts are much quicker
