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Pharmacology > Gi Tract > Flashcards

Gi Tract Flashcards

0
Q

Gastro- oesophageal reflux disorder symptoms

A

Heart burn, sour mouth, acid reflux.

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1
Q

Symptoms of indigestion/ dyspepsia

A

Pain in stomach, bloating, burping, nausea, heartburn

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2
Q

Symptoms of ulcers and cause

A

Pain, bleeding. Caused by bacterial infection, NSAIDS, smoking, stress

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3
Q

Action of antacids

A

Neutralise the acid in the stomach

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4
Q

Maalox

A

Antacid

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5
Q

Rennies

A

Antacid

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6
Q

Simeticone

A

Antacid + (produces gas to relieve tension)

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7
Q

Alginates

A

Antacid + (forms a raft)

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8
Q

When to take antacids

A

1hr before or after food, 2hr between other medication

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9
Q

Side effects of antacids

A

Constipation for those with aluminium, diarrhoea for Mg. White poop

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10
Q

H2 receptor antagonist action

A

Block H2 receptors on parietal cells in stomach to reduce acid production

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11
Q

Cimetidine/ Tagamet

A

H2 receptor antagonist

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12
Q

Famotidine/ Pepcid

A

H2 receptor antagonist

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13
Q

Nizatidine/ axid

A

H2 receptor antagonist

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14
Q

Ranitidine/ zantac

A

H2 receptor antagonist

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15
Q

Proton pump inhibitor action

A

Binds permanently to a proton pump so no acid can be made until a new cell is produced

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16
Q

Lansoprazole/ zoton

A

Proton pump inhibitors

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17
Q

Esomeprazole/ nexium

A

Proton pump inhibitors

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18
Q

Omeprazole/ losec

A

Proton pump inhibitors

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19
Q

Pantoprazole/ protium

A

Proton pump inhibitors

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20
Q

Rabeprazole/ pariet

A

Proton pump inhibitors

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21
Q

How long do h2 receptor antagonists work

A

Within an hour, not with antacids won’t work, take at bedtime

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22
Q

Drug interaction of cimetidine

A

Retards liver metabolism in the liver DO NOT TAKE WITH warfarin, phenytoin or theophylline

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23
Q

How to take Proton pump inhibitors

A

30 mins before food, don’t chew up

24
Q

Interaction of Proton pump inhibitors

A

Metabolism of diazepam, phenytoin, warfarin

Absorption of digoxin, ketoconazole, ampicillin

25
Q

Antibiotics (clarythromycin, amoxycillin, metronidazole, tetracycline)

A

H. Pylori caused bacteria

26
Q

What allergy means not to give antibiotics

A

Penicillin allergy

27
Q

Synthetic prostaglandin E1 action

A

Protective to stimulate the release of mucous

28
Q

Use of synthetic prostaglandin e1

A

For NSAID induced ulcers

29
Q

Misoprostol/ cytotec

A

Synthetic prostaglandin e1

30
Q

Side effect of misoprostol

A

Don’t give to pregnant women, abdo pain

31
Q

Sulcralfate/ antespin

A

Coats the ulcer for 6 hours

32
Q

Side effect of sucralfate

A

Metallic taste, constipation and nausea

33
Q

Action of antispasmodics

A

Relax smooth muscle of the intestine for IBS and diverticular disease

34
Q

What receptors do antispasmodics work on

A

Muscarinic receptors

35
Q

Dicyclomine hydrochloride/ kolanticon or merbentyl

A

Antispasmodics

36
Q

Hyoscine butylbromide/ buscopan

A

Antispasmodics

37
Q

Probantheline bromide/ pro-banthine

A

Antispasmodics

38
Q

Side effects of antispasmodics

A

Dry mouth, constipation and confusion in the elderly

39
Q

Gut propellants action

A

Dopamine receptors on the stomach sphincter and intestine to increase peristalsis

40
Q

Metoclopramide/ maxolon

A

Gut propellant

41
Q

Domperidone/ motilium

A

Gut propellant

42
Q

Use of gut propellants

A

Nausea and vomiting and reflux

43
Q

Side effect of gut propellants

A

Metoclopramide affects central dopamine receptors in the young and in the old

44
Q

Acute diarrhoea treatment

A

Oral rehydration therapy

45
Q

Action of ORT

A

Adds the electrolytes to the system to allow more water to be reabsorbed

46
Q

Action if antidiarrhoeals

A

Opioid related drugs to decrease peristalsis in both intestines and lower the explosive contractions of the colon

47
Q

Loperamide/ Imodium

A

Antidiarrhoeals

48
Q

Co-phenotrope

A

Antidiarrhoeals

49
Q

Kaolin and morphine

A

Antidiarrhoeals

50
Q

Action of bulk forming laxatives

A

Increase faecal mass by stimulating peristalsis

51
Q

Ispaghula husk/ fybogel or regulan

A

Bulk forming laxative

52
Q

Action of stimulant laxative

A

Increase peristalsis to move the stool through the large intestine

53
Q

Bisacodyl, senna/ sennokol

A

Stimulant laxative

54
Q

Side effect of stimulant laxative

A

Lazy bowel, works within 6-12 hours

55
Q

Osmotic laxative action

A

Contain salts to draw water into the gut making stools softer

56
Q

Macrogols/ movicol, mg salts,

A

Osmotic laxatives

57
Q

How quickly do osmotic laxatives work

A

Lactulose and Macrogols take a couple of days, mg salts are much quicker

Pharmacology (9 decks)

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