Analgesics

Question 0

Which fibre is for mechanical, thermal and chemical. Is myelinated so fast for sharp precise pain

Answer 0

A delta fibres

Question 1

Pain receptor name

Answer 1

Nociceptor

Question 2

Which fibre is mechanical, thermal and chemical. Non myelinated so slow for dull burning pain.

Answer 2

C fibres

Question 3

Which fibre is for pressure, touch and position. Is myelinated so fast for the gate control theory of pain.

Answer 3

A beta fibres

Question 4

How are nociceptors activated

Answer 4

Inflammation

Question 5

Action of NSAIDs

Answer 5

Inhibit cox-1 and cox-2

Question 6

Action of cox-1

Answer 6

Protective effect, secrets gastric acid

Question 7

Cox-2 action

Answer 7

Causes pain and inflammation

Question 8

What does NSAID stand for

Answer 8

Non steroidal anti inflammatory drugs

Question 9

Action pharmacologically on body of NSAIDs

Answer 9

Antipyretic (reduce body temp), analgesic, anti inflam,

Question 10

Side effects of NSAIDs

Answer 10

Gastric bleeding and ulceration because of cox-1

Question 11

How to reduce NSAID side effects

Answer 11

Develop drugs that only inhibit cox-2 enzyme e.g. Celecoxib and etoricoxib or give it alongside a protective drug e.g. Misoprostol or omeprazole (ppi) or as a pro drug

Question 12

Sulindac, nabumetone, fenbufen

Answer 12

NSAID pro drugs

Question 13

Celecoxib and etoricoxib

Answer 13

Cox-2 specific NSAIDs

Question 14

Aspirin

Answer 14

Non selective NSAIDs

Question 15

Warnings of aspirin

Answer 15

Not for under 16’s due to Reye’s syndrome or for ulcer issues or anticoagulants

Question 16

Ibuprofen (dexibuprofem, fenbufen, ketoprofen)

Answer 16

Non selective NSAID

Question 17

Why ibuprofen

Answer 17

Less side effects than aspirin but still cause ulcers for prolonged use

Question 18

Diclofenac, indometacin, mefenamic acid, piroxicam

Answer 18

Alternate ibuprofens

Question 19

Paracetamol effects

Answer 19

Good antipyretic, analgesic but doesn’t anti inflam

Question 20

Side effect of paracetamol

Answer 20

Toxic to liver 2-3. Times normal amount

Question 21

Co-codaprin and co-codamol

Answer 21

NSAIDs + weak analgesic

Question 22

Use of NSAID and weak opiate combo

Answer 22

Less chance of dependence but doubles the side effects and no greater pain relief

Question 23

Opium

Answer 23

Opioid analgesic

Question 24

Action of opium

Answer 24

Euphoria, analgesia and sleep by releasing enkephalins, endorphins and dymorphins and bind to opioid receptors

Question 25

Morphine

Answer 25

Opioid analgesic

Question 26

What is codeine, dihydrocodeine and meptazinol for

Answer 26

Mild to moderate pain

Question 27

What is morphine, diamorphine (heroine), pethidine, buprenorphine and tramadol for

Answer 27

Moderate to severe

Question 28

What is fentanyl and alfentanil for

Answer 28

Analgesic in surgery

Question 29

What is the antidote for opioid overdose

Answer 29

Naloxone (prevents the binding)

Question 30

Side effects of morphines

Answer 30

Constipation (100% of people) , nausea and vomiting/ sedation (30%)

Question 31

Warning of morphines

Answer 31

Dependence, tolerance, respiratory depression in medulla

Question 32

Action of local anaesthetics

Answer 32

A delta and c fibres most sensitive cross the membrane and block the Na channels