GI system

Question 1

GI diseases present what common class of symptoms and signs

Answer 1

1. abdominal or chest pain
2. altered ingestion of food
3. altered bowel movement
4. GI tract bleeding

Question 2

what occurs in achalasia

Answer 2

dilation of oesophagus and sphincter is not working properly

Question 3

reflux esophagitis presents what symptoms

Answer 3

burning chest pain (heartburn) at night when laying down

Question 4

how can gastritis lead to ulcer formation

Answer 4

1. attenuating barrier made by cells or mucus
2. reducing quantity of prostaglandin produced reducing acid secretion

Question 5

gastric ulcers are distinguished from erosive gastritis by

Answer 5

depth of lesion with gastric ulcers penetrating mucosa

- most occur on lesser curvature of stomach

Question 6

acute erosive gastritis includes what

Answer 6

inflammation of superficial mucousal injury, erosion, or shallow ulcers

Question 7

chronic atrophic gastritis is associated with

Answer 7

H pylori infection, development of pernicious anemia, and gastric adenocarcinoma

Question 8

the anatomical cut off for upper GI bleeding is the

Answer 8

ligament of Treitz

Question 9

the ligament of Treitz connects the

Answer 9

4th portion of duodenum to diaphragm near splenic flexure of colon

Question 10

Hematemesis is the

Answer 10

vomiting or bright red/ coffee grounds in blood

Question 11

Melena is the

Answer 11

passage of black tarry stool

Question 12

Hematochezia is the

Answer 12

bright red blood in stool

Question 13

what characteristics are seen in upper GI bleeding

Answer 13

above Ligament of Treitz, hemetemesis or Malena, blood, hyperactive bowel sounds

Question 14

what characteristics are seen in lower GI bleed

Answer 14

below ligament of treitz, hematochezia, clear fluid, normal bowel sound

Question 15

gastritis is

Answer 15

inflammation of gastric mucosa

Question 16

acute gastritis has what symptoms

Answer 16

• rapid
• nausea and vomiting
• vomiting blood (hematemesis)
• gastric hemorrhage
• dyspepsia (heartburn)
• anorexia

Question 17

chronic gastritis has what symptoms

Answer 17

• anorexia
• nausea and vomiting
• intolerance of fatty and spicy food
• pernicious anemia

Question 18

gastric cancer etiology includes

Answer 18

• men over 55
• mutation of BRCA1,2, and CDH1 gene
• associated with family history
• in minority races
• smoking, obesity and h. pylori infection

Question 19

slide 23

Question 20

jaundice is

Answer 20

yellowish discoloration of sclera, skin from increased serum bilirubin level

Question 21

what connection is there between jaundice and GI

Answer 21

• caused by obstruction of bile flow

Question 22

cirrhosis refers to

Answer 22

disorder where liver has XS fibrosis and loss of lobular organization

Question 23

clinical manifestations of cirrhosis are

Answer 23

• weakness
• fatigue
• anorexia/hyporexia
• nausea/ vomiting
• abdominal pain
• ascities
• itching
  spider angiomas

Question 24

hepatocellular carcinoma is caused by

Answer 24

• chronic HBC, HCV
• chronic alcoholism
• food contamination from aflatoxin
• non alcoholic steatohepatitis

Question 25

cirrhosis slide 27

Question 26

hepatocellular carcinoma is primary malignancy of

Answer 26

hepatocyte from well differentiated hepatocytes

Question 27

symptoms of diarrhea are

Answer 27

increased stool frequency, increased stool volume, and decreased stool consistency

Question 28

churns disease is a

Answer 28

relapsing disease involving any part of gut (mostly small intestine)

Question 29

what is chrons disease characterized by

Answer 29

transmural non caseating granulomatous inflammation

Question 30

ulcerative colitis is a

Answer 30

relapsing remitting ulceroinflammatory disease involving large intestine

Question 31

symptoms of ulcerative colitis are

Answer 31

bloody diarrhea, abdominal pain, weight loss, ulceration and bleeding ,liver disease, anemia, fever

Question 32

symptoms of Crohn's disease

Answer 32

- abdominal pain, weight loss, diarrhea, perforation of colon, toxic megacolon, fibulas, anemia, fever, abscesses

Question 33

diverticular disease what occurs

Answer 33

small bulges and pockets develop on the lining of the intestine

Question 34

symptoms of diverticular disease are

Answer 34

intermittent and unpredictable griping lower abdominal pain (diverticulitis), bloody stool, fever, peritoneal irriation

Question 35

colorectal cancer etiology are

Answer 35

- mostly over 55 yo - family history - genetic factor - environmental factor

Question 36

clinical presentation of colorectal cancer

Answer 36

- nausea - fatigue - weight loss - weakness - dark stool - constipation

Question 37

factors leading to pancreatitis are

Answer 37

- alcohol intake - prior biliar disease - abdominal surgery - trauma - viral infections

Question 38

pancreatitis etiology are

Answer 38

- gallstones and alcohol - hyperlipidaemia - hypercalcemia - pancreatic duct obstruction - viral infeciton

Question 39

clinical manifestation of pancreatitis

Answer 39

- abdominal pain radiating to back - nausea and vomiting - fever and tachycardia - epigastric tenderness - abdominal distension