Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

pathophysiology > FINAL > Flashcards

FINAL Flashcards

1
Q

risk factors for cardiovascular disease

A

high BP, high LDL, cholesterol, diabetes, smoking, obesity, physical inactivity, and unhealthy diet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

arteriosclerosis vs atherosclerosis

A

arteriosclerosis: general term to describe narrowing and loss of elasticity of arteries
atherosclerosis: narrowing of blood vessel due to plaque

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is angia

A

chest pain caused from reduced blood flow to heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is myocardial infarction

A

blocking of blood to heart
- sudden

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

EKG for myocardial infarction

A
  • ST elevation
  • decreased R wave
  • Q wave deeper
  • T wave inverted
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

left sided vs right sided heart failure

A

-left sided causes: COPD, tricuspid regurgitation, right ventricular infarction
-right sided causes: left ventricular infarction, hypertension, aortic stenosis
- Left sided symptoms: pulmonary edema
- right sided symptoms: peripheral edema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

difference in left vs right ventricular hypertrophy

A

right: caused by problems in lungs
left: due to high BP or issue with aortic valve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is hypertension

A

-force of blood against artery wall too high

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

differences in valvular insufficiency and valvular stenosis and examples

A
  • valvular insufficiency: inefficient blood circulation causing back flow
  • valvular stenosis: prevents valve from opening fully (more work)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is iron deficiency anemia

A
  • body stores of iron low
  • from poor diet, bleeding, loss of iron
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is aplastic anemia

A
  • disease where bone marrow and blood stem cells damaged
  • causes deficiency in all three blood cell types
  • acquired most common
    drugs and inherited
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is multiple myeloma

A
  • cancer that develops from plasma cells in bone marrow
  • caused from old age (over 65)
  • men more affected
  • radiation exposure
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is asbestosis

A
  • lung disease for inhalation of asbestos
  • marked by severe fibrosis and risk for mesothelioma
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is silicosis

A
  • type of pulmonary fibrosis from breathing in bits of silica
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is pneumothorax

A
  • presence of air prevent expansion of lung leading to atelectasis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is paraenoplastic syndrome

A
  • symptoms caused by tumor
  • causes hypercalcemia of malignancy in squamous cell carincoma and SIADH in small cell lung cancer
  • symptoms: fever, night sweats, anorexia, and cachexia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

compare restrictive and obstructive pulmonary disease

A
  • restrictive: reduction in lung volume. causes scoliosis, obesity , interstitial lung disease
  • obstructive: reduction in airflow. causes COPD, asthma, bronchiectasis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

comparison between emphysema and chronic bronchitits

A

emphysema: destruction and enlargement of alveoli
chronic bronchitis: chronic cough with phlegm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

PaO2 and PaCO2 in respiratory failure

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

differences between intrinsic and extrinsic asthma

A
  • intrinsic: later in adulthood, no family history, no allergens, caused by respiratory infection emotional reaction, exercise
  • extrinsic: in childhood, family history, hypersensitivity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

compare hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism

22
Q

what is HbA1c test

A

blood test that shows blood sugar for last 2 months

23
Q
  • Hyperfunction of anteriopituitary gland leads to
  • hyper function of posterior pituitary gland leads to
  • hypo function of anteriorpituitary leads to
  • hypo function of posterior pituitary leads to
A
  • acromegaly (adults) and gigantism
  • SIADH
  • seehan syndrome and dwarfism
  • diabetes insipidus
24
Q

what is diabetes insipidus

A

lack of antidiuretic hormone (can’t reabsorb water)
- causes polyuria
- polydipsia

25
what is Sheehan's syndrome
aka postpartum pituitary necrosis from postpartum hemorrhage - adrenal deficiency, inability to breast-feed, lack of prolactin, loss of menstrual cycle
26
what is Addisons disease
when there is XS ACTH and low cortisol and aldosterone - symptoms: bronze skin, hypoglycemia, GI disturbances, weakness, weight loss
27
what is goiter; etiology
when thyroid gland is enlarged nontoxic goiter from hyperfunction nodule in goiter - caused from lack of iodine in diet
28
what is cholecytisis
redness and swelling of gallbladder - from bile blocked due to gallstones
29
what is pancreatic cancer
- causes: smoking, animal fat diet, diabetes, alcohol consumption - symptoms: jaundice, upper abdominal pain, loss of appetite, weight loss, weakness
30
what is hepatocellular carinoma
- cancer of hepatocyte - caused by HBV HCV, chronic alcoholism, food contaminants, non alcoholic steopheptitis
31
what is inflammatory bowel syndrome
autoimmune disease that cause malabsorption - can cause crohns disease or ulcerative colitis
32
acute and chronic complications of GI disease
- acute complications caused by dehydration, sepsis, and bleeding - chronic complications from malabsorption
33
Gastritis vs peptic ulcer- H. pylori
- gastritis caused from low acid production - peptic ulcer from high acid production
34
define: melena, hemaotcheiza, hematoemsis, hemoptysis, and jaundine
melena: loose black stool hematocheiza: bright red blood per rectum hematomesis: vomiting of blood hemoptysis: coughing up blood jaundice: yellowish discoloration of skin from increased bilirubin
35
compare crohns disease vs ulcerative colitis
- crohns disease affects entire GI tract, in patches, transmural affecting multiple layers - ulcerative colitis affects colon and rectum, continuous, and affects inner most layer
36
what is gastric adenocarinoma
affects cells that produce mucus - risk factors are men older than 55, genes, family history, obesity, smoking, H pylori infection
37
what is peptic acid disease
- characterized by discontinuation in the inner lining of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract because of gastric acid secretion or pepsin
38
what is gastroparesis
motility disorder of the stomach
39
normal kidney function are
- remove toxic waste products - remove XS water and salt - control BP - produce epo - help keep calcium and phosphate - maintain proper pH
40
azotemia vs uremia
- azotemia: elevation, or buildup of, nitrogenous products, creatinine in the blood - uremia: raised level in the blood of urea and other nitrogenous waste compounds that are normally eliminated by the kidneys. - Azotemia is when there's nitrogen in your blood. Uremia occurs when there's urea in your blood.
41
acute tubular necrosis is
ischemic or toxic necrosis of cells - reduction of renal function and urine flow - azotemia, ascitis, pulmonary edema, oliguria - caused by nephrotoxic agents, prolonged renal hypo perfusion
42
compare nephrotic syndrome vs nephritic syndrome
nephrotic: massive proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, edema, hyperlipidemia, and lipiduria nephritic: hematuria, oliguria with azotemia, hypertension
43
what is pyelonephritis
inflammation of kidney due to bacterial infection - caused by UTI that starts at urethra or bladder and travels to kidney - fever, frequent urination, pain
44
acute renal failure vs chronic renal failure
acute: within hours/days and caused by trauma, acute intoxication, part of multi organ failure, infection chronic: develops within years caused by high BP/diabetes, chronic bacterial inflammation, cystic kidneys, autoimmune disease
45
what is urinary bladder caricnoma
46
difference in pre renal, renal and post renal acute kidney failure
pre renal: caused by hypoperfusion from hypotension, decreased CO, decreased effective arterial blood post renal: due to obstruction of urinary tract renal: inflammation of glomerular, allergic reaction to drugs
47
what is hydronephorsis
Distension of the kidney and atrophy of the parenchyma due to accumulation of urine in the renal pelvis, usually due to obstruction of outflow of urine
48
UTI etiology
- E. coli - hospital infection and instrumentation - fungi in immunopromised - candida in preterm
49
clinical manifestations of UTI
- enuresis, frequency, dysuria, flank pain, fever
50
normal components of urine
- water, urea, ions

pathophysiology (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions