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Physiology > GI Physiology > Flashcards

GI Physiology Flashcards

0
Q

Neurocrine from vagus nerve to G cells

A

GRP/Bombesin

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1
Q

Most potent stimuli for gastrin secretion

A

Phenylalanine, tryptophan, methionine

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2
Q

GI Hormone classified as incretin

A

GIP, GLP-1, glucagon

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3
Q

GI hormone responsible for the interdigestive/migrating myoelectric complex

A

Motilin

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4
Q

Inhibits appetite; found at the ventromedial hypothalamus

A

Satiety center

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5
Q

Stimulates appetite; found at the lateral hypothalamic area

A

Appetite/ hunger center

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6
Q

Sends signals to satiety & hunger centers

A

Arcuate nucleus

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7
Q

Releases POMC to decrease appetite

A

Anorexigenic neurons

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8
Q

Releases Neuropeptide Y to increase appetite

A

Orexigenic neurons

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9
Q

Stimulates anorexigenic neurons, inhibits orexigenic neurons

A

Leptin (fat cells), insulin, GLP-1

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10
Q

Inhibit anorexigenic neurons

A

Ghrelin (gastric cells)

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11
Q

Inhibits ghrelin

A

Peptide YY

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12
Q

What is the most common stimulus of peristalsis?

A

Distension

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13
Q

What is the myenteric reflex?

A

Muscles upstream contract, muscles downstream exhibit receptive relaxation

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14
Q

What is the law of the gut?

A

Myenteric reflex + anal direction of peristalsis

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15
Q

How long does it take to transfer material from pylorus to ileocecal valve?

A

3-5 hrs

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16
Q

How long does it take to transfer material from ileocecal valve to colon?

A

8-15 hrs

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17
Q

Receptive relaxation of the stomach, vasovagal reflex mediated by

A

VIP

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18
Q

Capacity of the stomach

A

1.5 L or 400g of food

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19
Q

Gastric emptying duration

A

3 hrs

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20
Q

Inhibitor of gastric emptying

A

Fat

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21
Q

Urge to defecate, once rectum is

A

25% filled

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22
Q

Vomiting center

A

Medulla

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23
Q

Saliva, serous secretion

A

Parotid gland

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24
Q

Saliva, mixed secretion

A

Submandibular, sublingual glands

25
Q

Saliva, effect of parasympa NS

A

Increase salivation, serous

26
Q

Effect of sympa NS

A

Increase salivation, mucoid

27
Q

Initial saliva is high in

A

Na, Cl

28
Q

Final saliva is high in

A

HCO3, K

29
Q

Hormone involved in absorbing Na at the ductal cells

A

Aldosterone

30
Q

At high flow rates, saliva has

A

Low K; High Na, Cl, HCO3

31
Q

At low flow rates, saliva has

A

High K; Low Na, Cl, HCO3

32
Q

Contains mucus neck cells, parietal cells & chief cells

A

Oxyntic glands (body)

33
Q

Contains G cells, mucus cells

A

Pyloric glands (antrum)

34
Q

Secretes mucus & HCO3

A

Mucus cells, mucus neck cells

35
Q

Secretes HCl & IF

A

Parietal cells/ Oxyntic cells

36
Q

Secretes gastrin

A

G cells

37
Q

Secretes serotonin

A

Enterochromaffin cells

38
Q

Secretes histamine

A

Enterochromaffin-like (ECL) cells

39
Q

Secretes pepsinogen

A

Chief/peptic cells

40
Q

How do you absorb glucose & galactose from lumen to intestinal cells

A

SGLT-1

41
Q

How do you absorb fructose from lumen to intestinal cell?

A

GLUT 5

42
Q

How do you absorb glucose, galactose & fructose from intestinal cell to blood?

A

GLUT 2

43
Q

What is the optimum pH for pepsin activity?

A

pH 1.0 - 3.0

44
Q

Which is essential for protein digestion, pepsin or trypsin?

A

Trypsin

45
Q

Bile salts inactivates pancreatic lipase. What pancreatic coenzyme is secreted to prevent this from happening?

A

Procolipase to colipase

46
Q

What is the only product of TAG metabolism that is NOT hydrophobic?

A

Glycerol

47
Q

What type of fatty acids go directly to the portal vein instead of the lacteals?

A

Short chain & medium chain FA

48
Q

Main site for water reabsorption

A

Jejunum

49
Q

Potassium is absorbed at

A

Large intestine

50
Q

Potassium is secreted at

A

Small intestines

51
Q

Primary ion secreted in the intestinal lumen

A

Chloride

52
Q

Needed to absorb Vit B12

A

Intrinsic factor

53
Q

Needed to absorb calcium

A

1,25 (OH)2 cholecalciferol/ Calcitriol

54
Q

Needed to absorb iron

A

Vitamin C

55
Q

Part of the metabolism of these vitamins involves colonic flora

A

Vit K, B1, B2, B12

56
Q

Liver zone first to encounter toxins

A

Zone 1 (peripheral)

57
Q

Liver zone susceptible to hypoxia

A

Zone 3 (centrilobular)

58
Q

Ito cells

A

Space of Disse; Vitamin A storage

59
Q

Kuppfer cells

A

Liver sinusoids; APC

Physiology (11 decks)

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