GI Pharmacology 1 Flashcards
antacids - MOA
directly neutralize acid in the stomach (antacids are weak bases)
antacids - specific drugs
*calcium carbonate!! (tums)
*magnesium hydroxide
*aluminum hydroxide
*sodium bicarbonate (no longer recommended)
antacids - uses
*dyspepsia
*GERD
antacids - adverse effects
*belching
*metabolic acidosis
*diarrhea (Mg)
*constipation (Ca & Al)
note - oftentimes Mg and Al are combined to avoid diarrhea vs. constipation
antacids - drug interactons
*di- and tri-valent cations bind drugs (fluoroquinolones; tetracyclines)
*some drugs require acid for absorption (ketoconazole)
famotidine - drug class & MOA
*drug class: H2-receptor antagonist
*MOA: competitive inhibition of parietal cell H2-receptor
famotidine - uses
*GERD (PPIs are better)
*peptic ulcer disease (PPIs are better)
*non-ulcer dyspepsia
*stress GI bleeding prevention
proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) - drugs in class
*omeprazole
*pantoprazole
*lansoprazole
proton pump inhibitors - MOA
block the final common pathway of acid secretion by IRREVERSIBLY inactivating the parietal cell proton pump (H+/K+ ATPase)
proton pump inhibitors - uses
*GERD
*peptic ulcer disease
*esophagitis
*dyspepsia
*hypersecretory diseases
*stress GI bleeding prevention
proton pump inhibitors - unique facts
*products are inactive prodrugs (need to be activated)
*acid labile (oral products are in “acid resistant” form)
*give on empty stomach
proton pump inhibitors - adverse effects
*decreased vitamin B12 absorption
*osteoporosis
*increased risk of C. diff
omeprazole - drug class & MOA
*proton pump inhibitor
*irreversibly inactivates the parietal cell proton pump (H+/K+ ATPase)
pantoprazole - drug class & MOA
*proton pump inhibitor
*irreversibly inactivates the parietal cell proton pump (H+/K+ ATPase), reducing production of gastric acid
sucralfate - drug class & MOA
*drug class: mucosal protective agent
*MOA: forms a viscous paste that binds to injured tissues such as ulcers