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BOD II > GI Part 2 > Flashcards

GI Part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

innate mechanisms of GI protection

A

microflora
B cells, T cells, DC
tight junctions
IgA
goblet cells/mucus

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2
Q

two mechanistic types of diarrhea

A

inflam
non-inflam

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3
Q

three mechanistic categories of diarrhea

A

induce intestinal secretion (enterotoxins - E.coli)
induce inflam
invasion

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4
Q

small bowel diarrhea

  • freq
    -volume
    -mucus
    -blood
    -tenesmus
    -urgency
    -dyschezia
    -vomit
    -weight loss
    -steatorrhea
A

normal/mildly increased frequency of defecation
normal-increased fecal volume
mucus absent
melena
tenesmus absent
urgency absent
dyschezia absent
may have vomiting
weight loss often present
steatorrhea may be present

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5
Q

large bowel diarrhea

  • freq
    -volume
    -mucus
    -blood
    -tenesmus
    -urgency
    -dyschezia
    -vomit
    -weight loss
    -steatorrhea
A

marked increase in frequency of defecation
decreased fecal volume
mucus present
hematochezia
tenesmus present
urgency present
dyschezia present
vomiting infrequently present
infrequent weight loss
steatorrhea often present

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6
Q

examples of congenital segmental defects & aplasia

A

stenosis
atresia

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7
Q

persistent meckle’s diverticulum

A

omphalomesenteric duct (stalk of yolk sac)
confused with cecum
all layers of bowel wall + communicates with lumen

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8
Q

white lethal foal syndrome

breed?
mutation?
result?

A

aganglionosis (reductions/absence of ganglion cells)
paint horses
mutation in the endothelin receptor B gene
colonic hypoplasia

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9
Q

parts of intussusception and causes

A

telescoping, intussusceptum (entrapped part) then intussuscipiens (enveloping part) resulting in currant jelly stools, strangulation of bowel (gangrene. septic, shock)

irritability & hypermotility

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10
Q

sequela of intestinal vascular compromise (torsion & volvulus)

A

infarction
increased intestinal permeability
endotoxemia
sepsis
rupture
peritonitis

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11
Q

most common GI neoplasia in cats & ruminants
soft, white-tan, homogenous, soft mass or diffuse thickening of GI wall → stenosis and ulceration

A

intestinal/alimentary lymphoma

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12
Q

most common GI neoplasia in dogs/sheep

A

intestinal adenocarcinoma

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13
Q

sequale of IBD

A

malabsorption
protein-losing enteropathy

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14
Q

pathogenesis of histiocytic ulcerative colitis or granulomatous colitis

A

invasive E.coli that causes infiltration of histiocytes that contain PAS positive material

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15
Q

NSAIDS cause what in horses

A

right dorsal ulcerative colitis

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16
Q

most common cause of colic in horses

A

strangulating lipoma

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17
Q

granulomatous and proliferative enteritis in a horse

A

Lawsonia intracellularis

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18
Q

Clostridial perfringens lesions

A

necrohemorrhagic enterocolitis & toxemia

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19
Q

what Clostridium causes necrohemorrhagic enteritis & abomastitis, hemorrhagic bowel syndrome, antibiotic enteritis in horses/rabbits and colitis X in horses

A

type A

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20
Q

what Clostridium causes lamb dysentery

A

type B

21
Q

what Clostridium causes blood diarrhea in neonates esp pigs

A

type C

22
Q

what Clostridium causes pulp kidney (overeating) disease & encephalomalacia in lambs

A

type D

23
Q

what Clostridium causes enteritis in lagomorphs and enterotoxemia in ruminants

A

type E

24
Q

what is characterized by a change in diet high in carbs, symmetrical necrosis and hemorrhage of the brain, pale/enlarged, soft/fragile kidneys

A

pulp kidney disease
encephalomalacia

25
Q

C. difficile is associated with what previous treatment

A

oral antibiotic use

26
Q

lesions and pathogenesis of Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis

A

Johne’s disease - chronic wasting, pipe stream diarrhea, granulomatous inflam with mineralization, thickened folds, lymphadenitis

pathogenesis: expansion/thickening of lamina propria by macrophages & loss of villus = inflam/malabsorption

27
Q

what causes proliferative ileitis in pigs > 4 weeks?

A

lawsonia intracellularis

28
Q

How would porcine proliferative ileitis and swine dysentery look grossly different?

A

proliferative ileitis - L. intracellularis = markedly thickened ileum wall (cobblestone or cerebriform appearance)

swine dysentery - Brachyspira hyodysenteriae = colon, blood diarrhea

29
Q

what causes edema disease in neonatal pigs “enterotoxemic colibacillosis”

A

E.coli

30
Q

what type of salmonella is characterized by young animals with acute necrosis of blood vessels

A

peracute

31
Q

what type of salmonella is characterized by catarrhal enteritis with diffuse fibrinonecrotic ileotyphlocolitis, mesenteric lymphadenopathy and fibrinous cholecystitis

A

acute

32
Q

what type of salmonella is characterized by button ulcers, rectal strictures

A

chronic

33
Q

best tissue to culture of salmonellosis

A

mesenteric LN

34
Q

tropism of parvovirus

A

mitotically active cells = crypts
peyer’s patches

35
Q

tropism of rotavirus

A

upper 2/3 of intestinal villi
SI
vacuolation of enterocytes

36
Q

tropism of coronavirus

A

tips & middle of villi
crypt epithelium
SI & LI

37
Q

which virus causes “ground glass” appearance and villus blunting

A

rotavirus

38
Q

what virus causes transmissible gastroenteritis (TGE)

A

porcine coronavirus enteritis

39
Q

which virus causes villus blunting and crypt hyperplasia

A

coronavirus

40
Q

puppies born to unvx bitches and infected with CPV-2 < 8 weeks of age can get ___, why?

A

interstitial myocarditis

myocytes still undergoing cell division

40
Q

what is a mutated feline enteric coronavirus + abnormal immune response

A

FIP

41
Q

Parascaris equorum sequela

A

impaction and perforation

42
Q

ascaris suum (porcine) sequela

A

intestinal impaction +/- perforation

43
Q

toxocara canis (canine) sequela

A

intestinal impaction +/- perforation

44
Q

hookworm Ancylostoma caninum sequela

A

hemorrhagic enteritis
anemia

45
Q

strongylus vulgarus sequela

A

verminour arteritis
eosinophilic endareritis at aorta & cranial mesenteric a

46
Q

Anoplocephala perfoliate (tapeworm) sequela

A

intussusception, impaction, rupture

47
Q

GI fungus

A

oomycetes - Pythium insidiosum

BOD II (9 decks)

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