GI Part 2 Flashcards
innate mechanisms of GI protection
microflora
B cells, T cells, DC
tight junctions
IgA
goblet cells/mucus
two mechanistic types of diarrhea
inflam
non-inflam
three mechanistic categories of diarrhea
induce intestinal secretion (enterotoxins - E.coli)
induce inflam
invasion
small bowel diarrhea
- freq
-volume
-mucus
-blood
-tenesmus
-urgency
-dyschezia
-vomit
-weight loss
-steatorrhea
normal/mildly increased frequency of defecation
normal-increased fecal volume
mucus absent
melena
tenesmus absent
urgency absent
dyschezia absent
may have vomiting
weight loss often present
steatorrhea may be present
large bowel diarrhea
- freq
-volume
-mucus
-blood
-tenesmus
-urgency
-dyschezia
-vomit
-weight loss
-steatorrhea
marked increase in frequency of defecation
decreased fecal volume
mucus present
hematochezia
tenesmus present
urgency present
dyschezia present
vomiting infrequently present
infrequent weight loss
steatorrhea often present
examples of congenital segmental defects & aplasia
stenosis
atresia
persistent meckle’s diverticulum
omphalomesenteric duct (stalk of yolk sac)
confused with cecum
all layers of bowel wall + communicates with lumen
white lethal foal syndrome
breed?
mutation?
result?
aganglionosis (reductions/absence of ganglion cells)
paint horses
mutation in the endothelin receptor B gene
colonic hypoplasia
parts of intussusception and causes
telescoping, intussusceptum (entrapped part) then intussuscipiens (enveloping part) resulting in currant jelly stools, strangulation of bowel (gangrene. septic, shock)
irritability & hypermotility
sequela of intestinal vascular compromise (torsion & volvulus)
infarction
increased intestinal permeability
endotoxemia
sepsis
rupture
peritonitis
most common GI neoplasia in cats & ruminants
soft, white-tan, homogenous, soft mass or diffuse thickening of GI wall → stenosis and ulceration
intestinal/alimentary lymphoma
most common GI neoplasia in dogs/sheep
intestinal adenocarcinoma
sequale of IBD
malabsorption
protein-losing enteropathy
pathogenesis of histiocytic ulcerative colitis or granulomatous colitis
invasive E.coli that causes infiltration of histiocytes that contain PAS positive material
NSAIDS cause what in horses
right dorsal ulcerative colitis
most common cause of colic in horses
strangulating lipoma
granulomatous and proliferative enteritis in a horse
Lawsonia intracellularis
Clostridial perfringens lesions
necrohemorrhagic enterocolitis & toxemia
what Clostridium causes necrohemorrhagic enteritis & abomastitis, hemorrhagic bowel syndrome, antibiotic enteritis in horses/rabbits and colitis X in horses
type A
what Clostridium causes lamb dysentery
type B
what Clostridium causes blood diarrhea in neonates esp pigs
type C
what Clostridium causes pulp kidney (overeating) disease & encephalomalacia in lambs
type D
what Clostridium causes enteritis in lagomorphs and enterotoxemia in ruminants
type E
what is characterized by a change in diet high in carbs, symmetrical necrosis and hemorrhage of the brain, pale/enlarged, soft/fragile kidneys
pulp kidney disease
encephalomalacia
C. difficile is associated with what previous treatment
oral antibiotic use
lesions and pathogenesis of Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis
Johne’s disease - chronic wasting, pipe stream diarrhea, granulomatous inflam with mineralization, thickened folds, lymphadenitis
pathogenesis: expansion/thickening of lamina propria by macrophages & loss of villus = inflam/malabsorption
what causes proliferative ileitis in pigs > 4 weeks?
lawsonia intracellularis
How would porcine proliferative ileitis and swine dysentery look grossly different?
proliferative ileitis - L. intracellularis = markedly thickened ileum wall (cobblestone or cerebriform appearance)
swine dysentery - Brachyspira hyodysenteriae = colon, blood diarrhea
what causes edema disease in neonatal pigs “enterotoxemic colibacillosis”
E.coli
what type of salmonella is characterized by young animals with acute necrosis of blood vessels
peracute
what type of salmonella is characterized by catarrhal enteritis with diffuse fibrinonecrotic ileotyphlocolitis, mesenteric lymphadenopathy and fibrinous cholecystitis
acute
what type of salmonella is characterized by button ulcers, rectal strictures
chronic
best tissue to culture of salmonellosis
mesenteric LN
tropism of parvovirus
mitotically active cells = crypts
peyer’s patches
tropism of rotavirus
upper 2/3 of intestinal villi
SI
vacuolation of enterocytes
tropism of coronavirus
tips & middle of villi
crypt epithelium
SI & LI
which virus causes “ground glass” appearance and villus blunting
rotavirus
what virus causes transmissible gastroenteritis (TGE)
porcine coronavirus enteritis
which virus causes villus blunting and crypt hyperplasia
coronavirus
puppies born to unvx bitches and infected with CPV-2 < 8 weeks of age can get ___, why?
interstitial myocarditis
myocytes still undergoing cell division
what is a mutated feline enteric coronavirus + abnormal immune response
FIP
Parascaris equorum sequela
impaction and perforation
ascaris suum (porcine) sequela
intestinal impaction +/- perforation
toxocara canis (canine) sequela
intestinal impaction +/- perforation
hookworm Ancylostoma caninum sequela
hemorrhagic enteritis
anemia
strongylus vulgarus sequela
verminour arteritis
eosinophilic endareritis at aorta & cranial mesenteric a
Anoplocephala perfoliate (tapeworm) sequela
intussusception, impaction, rupture
GI fungus
oomycetes - Pythium insidiosum
