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Dermatology Flashcards

1
Q

stratum basale
location:
function:
what attaches it to the basement membrane?

A

bottom layer
keratinocyte proliferation & anchors epidermis to dermis
hemidesmosomes

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2
Q

what are desmosomes

A

intercellular attachments

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3
Q

stratum spinosum
location:

A

middle, 1-2 layers in haired skin

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4
Q

stratum corneum
location:
function:
what differentiate to form this layer?

A

outermost layer
forms resistant protective layer/barrier
keratinocytes

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5
Q

melanocyte function

A

produces melanin pigment that injects into keratinocytes - photoprotection

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6
Q

langerhans cells function

A

dendritic cells - trap and process antigen (immune surveillance)

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7
Q

functional role of dermis

A

thermoregulation, physical protection, photoprotective

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8
Q

3 stages of hair follicles

A
  1. anagen phase - growth
  2. catagen phase - transition
  3. telogen phase - resting (end stage)
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9
Q

components of dermis

A

acellular - fibers (collagen, elastin, reticulin) + ground substance (h2o, salts, proteoglycans, glycoproteins)
cellular - fibroblasts, macrophages, T cells, mast cells

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10
Q

effect of estrogen & glucocorticoids on sebaceous glands

A

atrophy and involution

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11
Q

flat discoloration < 1 cm in diameter

A

macule

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12
Q

macular lesions >1 cm in diameter

A

patch

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13
Q

solid, elevated, firm circumscribed lesion < 1 cm in diameter
caused by infiltration of inflam cells
associated with hair shaft (folliculitis) or not

A

papule

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14
Q

elevated, firm lesion with flat top > 1 cm in diameter

A

plaque

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15
Q

elevated accumulation of purulent material with epidermis

A

pustule

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16
Q

elevated fluid filled cavity within or below epidermis (< 1 cm diameter)? what if > 1 cm?

A

vesicle (blister)

bulla vesicle

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17
Q

epithelial lined cavity filled with fluid or semisolid material, located in dermis or subcutis

A

cyst

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18
Q

raised, solid region of edema, often with irregular borders (e.g. insect bite, type I hypersensitivity)

A

wheal (hive, urtica)

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19
Q

raised, firm round lesions > 1 cm in diameter

A

nodule

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20
Q

flat-min raised scale arranged in circular rim (e.g. superficial bacterial pyoderma, fungal infections – ringworm)

A

epidermal collarette

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21
Q

dilated hair follicle filled with keratin or sebum

A

comedone

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22
Q

thick, hard hairless plaque often located over pressure points

A

callus

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23
Q

dried exudate in stratum corneum composed of serum, blood, keratin, degenerate neutrophils

A

crust (scab)

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24
Q

loose fragments of keratin on skin surface (hyperkeratosis)

A

scale

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25
partial loss of epidermis
erosion
26
full thickness loss of epidermis with exposure of dermis (e.g. vasculitis)
ulceration
27
linear loss of epidermis (e.g. scratch or abrasion)
excoriation
28
vertical crack in epidermis to the dermis
fissure
29
rough thickened epidermis, results from chronic scratching/irritation (e.g. non-specific chronic dermatitis)
lichenification
30
gross lesions of bacterial pyoderma
papules, pustules, epidermal collarettes/epidermitis/folliculitis
31
histiologic lesions of bacterial pyoderma
perifolliculitis folliculitis furunculosis
32
common causes of bacterial pyoderma in dogs horses pigs horses & ruminants
S. pseudintermedius (most common) S. aureus & intermedius S. hyicus "greasy pig disease" Dermatophilus congolensis "rain rot"
33
mechanisms of systemic bacterial infections
bacteremia bacterial toxins direct infection of endothelial cells type III hypersensitivity rxn
34
lesions of systemic bacterial infections distribution?
vasculitis (erythematous plaques/macules, dermal edema, hemorrhage bullae, necrosis, well-demarcated ulcerations) thrombosis paws, pinnaae, lips, tail
35
gross lesions of dermatophytosis
patches of alopecia with scaling papules due to folliculitis/perifolliculitis/furunculosis
36
histopathologic lesions of dermatophytosis
hyperkeratosis folliculitis furunculosis
37
gross lesions of demodex how do you diagnose
folliculitis perifolliculitis furunculosis deep skin scrapings, pluck hairs
38
gross lesions of scabies
pruritis due to hypersensitivity rxn
39
histologic lesions of scabies
hyperkeratosis acanthosis
40
how do you diagnose scabies
superficial skin scrapings
41
types of infectious microorganisms that cause granulomatous/pyogranulomatous dermatitis/panniculitis (deep bacterial pyoderma)
traumatic implementation of bacteria forms nodules Feline Leprosy (Mycobacterium lepraemurium) Botrymycosis - Staph, Strep, Pseudomonas Nocardia, Actinomyces
42
types of infectious microorganisms that cause folliculitis (8)
1. Staph pseudintermedius 2. Staph aureus & intermedius 3. Staph hyicus 4. Dermatophilus congolensis 5. Microsporum canis & gypsum 6. Trichophyton verrucosum 7. Malassezia pachydermatis 8. demodex
43
primary clinical lesions with allergic dermatoses distribution?
pruritis - skin lesions from self-trauma -- erythema, wheals, alopecia, excoriation, salivary staining, lichenification & hyperpigmentation face, paws, caudal carpi, distal extremities, ear, ventrum
44
histologic lesions with allergic dermatoses
eosinophilic & mastocytic perivascular dermatitis with dermal edema
45
pemphigus complex mechanism: histology:
Ab target keratinocytes cell-cell adhesion complexes (desmosomes) which results in acantholysis (the cleavage of desmosomes) that cause pustules & vesicles acantholytic cells/keratinocytes
46
Bullous dermatoses occurs at the dermal/epidermal junction and results in vesicles/bullae at points of friction which results in ulcers...what cells are not present
acantholytic cells
47
discoid lupus erythematous gross lesions: histologic lesions:
nasal planum depigmentation, erythema, scaling, loss of "cobblestone" appearance & dorsal muzzle, lips, perioral & ears interface (dermal/epidermal junction) dermatitis with damage to basal cells
48
does with SLE test positive for?
anti-nuclear antibodies (ANA)
49
most common cause of erythema multiforme/toxic epidermis necrolysis
drugs
50
sebaceous adenitis clinical lesions: histologic:
alopecia, scaling (follicular casting), dry/brittle hair granulomatous/pyogranulomatous inflam, epidermal/follicular hyperkeratosis
51
different mechanisms associated with alopecia
1. follicular dysplasia 2. follicular atrophy - genetic, ischemia, trauma, inflam 3. abnormal growth/hair cycle arrest - endocrine, nutrition, metabolic
52
endocrine alopecia clinical lesions: histologic lesions:
non-pruritic, bilaterally symmetric, remaining hair coat dull dry & easily epilated, fails to regrow after clipping hair follicles in catagen or telogen phase with lack of hair shafts
53
limitations of histologic diagnosis for endocrine alopecia
can suggest endocrine alopecia but clinical testing/clinical signs needed to differentiate disorders
54
hypothyroidism effect on skin
thyroid hormone needed for anagen stage (growth), so without it, lack of hair growth hair follicles in telogen without hair shafts
55
hyperadrenocorticism effect on skin in dogs and cats
calcinosis cutis (dogs) fragile skin (cats)
56
mechanisms of depigmentation/hypopigmentation
inherited - piebaldism, albinism, vitiligo acquired - destruction of epidermal-melanocyte units or reduced melanin synthesis due to tyrosinase or Cu def
57
mechanism of hyperpigmentation
acquired - chronic inflam or UV exposure = increased proliferation or rate of melanin synthesis
58
vitamin A & Zn deficiencies
hyperkeratosis acanthosis increased proliferation
59
causes of acquired skin fragility syndrome in cats
defect in collagen production, quality or packaging 1. hyperadrenocorticism 2. diabetes mellitus 3. hepatic disease
60
lesions associated with short term actinic (solar) injury
sunburn, erythema, erythematous
61
lesions associated with long term actinic (solar) injury
solar elastosis actinic keratosis squamous cell carcinoma hemangioma/sarcoma
62
3 type of photosensitization which is the most common in domestic species?
type 1 primary type 2 abnormal porphyrin metabolism type 3 impaired liver function (most common)
63
types of cancer that cause hypercalcemia of malignancy
AGASACA T cell lymphoma multiple myeloma sporadic carcinomas due to PTHrP = hypercalcemia
64
what skin tumors are associated with viral infections?
papillomavirus - squamous papilloma bovine papillomavirus - equine/feline sarcoids

BOD II (9 decks)

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