GI Meds Flashcards
What do histamine-2 antagonists do? (2)
- Selectively block histamine-2 receptor sites
- Stops gastric acid production
Indications of histamine-2 antagonists (4)
- Ulcer treatment
- Prophylaxis of stress-induced ulcers
- GERD treatment
- Relief of heartburn, acid indigestion, and sour stomach
Side Effects of Histamine-2 antagonists (3)
- Palpitations
- Gynecomastia w/ cimetidine
- Erectile dysfunction
Suffix for histamine-2 antagonists
-tidine
Proton Pump Inhibitors does what?
Percent the final step of acid production
Short-term indications of proton pump inhibitors (4)
- Active duodenal ulcers
- GERD
- Erosive esophagitis
- Gastric disease
Long-term indications of Proton Pump Inhibitors
Treatment of pathological hyper secretory conditions
CNS Effects of Proton Pump Inhibitors (5)
- Dizziness
- Headache
- Vertigo
- Insomnia
- Apathy
GI effects of Proton Pump Inhibitors
- Diarrhea
- Abdominal pain
- Xerostomia (dry mouth)
What do Proton Pump Inhibitors do to Vitamin B12?
Decrease the ability to absorb it
Proton Pump Inhibitors suffix
-razole
Antacid function
Neutralize stomach acid
Antacid Indications
-Symptomatic relief f upset stomach associated with hyper acidity as well as hyperactivity
Examples of antacids (3)
- Aluminum salts
- Calcium salts
- Magnesium salts
Antacid side effects (7)
- Acid-base levels and electrolytes
- Rebound acidity
- Alkalosis
- Hypercalcemia
- Constipation/diarrhea
- Hyperphosphatemia
Pepsin Inhibitor function
Forms ulcer adherent complex at ulcer site to protect from acid, pepsin, and bile salts
Pepsin Inhibitor Indicaiton
Promote ulcer healing
Example of Pepsin Inhibitor
sucralfate (Carafate)
Pepsin Inhibitor Side Effects
- Constipation
- Diarrhea
- Nausea
- Indigestion
- Gastric discomfort
- Dry mouth
What should you do with Pepsin Inhibitors to reduce the side effect of constipation?
Increase fluids
Prstaglandins do what?
Inhibit gastric acid secretion and increases cytoprotective mucous production
Prostaglandin Indication (2)
- Prevention of NSAID induced gastric ulcers
- Treatment of duodenal ulcers
Contraindications for Prostaglandins
Pregnancy => may cause miscarriage
Prostaglandin side effects (7)
- Nausea
- Diarrhea
- Abdominal pain
- Flatulence
- Vomiting
- Dyspepsia
- Constipation
Example of Prostaglandin
Misoprostol (cytotec)
Saliva supplement does what?
A thickening agent to reduce dry mouth conditions
Saliva supplement indications (3)
- Stroke
- Salivary gland disorder
- Head and neck surgery (cancer)
Saliva supplement example
Saliva substitute (salivart)
Pancreatic Enzyme Supplement does what?
Replacement of enzymes that help the digestion and absorption of fats, protein, carbohydrates
Pancreatic enzyme supplement indications (3)
- Common duct problems
- Pancreatic disease
- Cystic fibrosis
Pancreatic enzyme supplement example
Pancrelipase (Creon, Pancrease, Zenpep)
Laxatives work in what three ways?
- Direct chemical stimulation of the GI tract
- Production of bulk or increased fluid in the lumen
- Lubrication of the intestinal bolus to promote passage through the GI tract
Laxative indications (4)
- Short-term relief of constipation
- Prevent straining
- Evacuate the bowel for diagnostic procedures
- Removal of ingested poisons
Laxative GI side effects (3)
- Diarrhea
- Abdominal cramping
- Nausea
Laxative CV side effects (4)
- Sweating
- Palpitations
- Flushing
- Fainting
Laxatives can interfere with what in regards to other medications
The timing or process of absorption of other meds
Types of laxatives (4)
- Osmotic laxatives
- Chemical stimulants
- Bulk stimulants
- Lubricant
Osmotic laxatives does what?
Pulls water into colon to increase bulk and promotes peristalsis
Chemical stimulants do what?
Chemically irritate the lining of the GI tract
Bulk stimulants does what?
Cause the fecal matter to increase in bulk
Lubricants does what?
Help the intestinal contents move more smoothly
Examples of Osmotic laxatives (3)
- phospho-soda, polyethylene glycol (Miralax)
- lactulose (Cronulac)
Examples of Chemical Stimulants (4)
- cascara (Generic)
- senna (senokot)
- castor oil (Neoloid)
- Biscodyl (dulcolax)
Examples of Bulk Stimulants (2)
- Polycarbophil (FiberCon)
- Psyllium (metamucil)
Examples of lubricating laxatives (3)
- docusate (Colace)
- glycerin (sani-supp)
- Mineral oil (agoral plain)
Anti-diarrheal drugs do what?
Slow gastric motility
Anti-diarrheal drugs indications
-Relief of symptoms of acute or chronic diarrhea
Types of anti-diarrheal drugs (2)
- Opiate/opiate-related
2. Absorbents
Opiate/opiate-related anti-diarrheal drugs does what?
-Decrease intestinal motility/peristalsis
Do not take what with opiate/opiate-related anti-diarrheal drugs
Alcohol or sedatives
Examples of opiate/opiate-related anti-diarrheal (2)
- diphenoxylate/atropine (Lomotil
- loperamide (Imodium)
Adsorbents do what?
Coat wall of GI tract and absorbing the bacteria or toxins hat are causing the diarrhea
Example of absorbents
Bismuth Subsalicylate (Pepto-bismol)
Emetics do what?
-Cause vomiting
Antiemetics do what?
Decrease or prevent nausea and vomiting
Phenothiazines do what?
Inhibit CTZ in the CNS
Phenothiazine indications
Treatment of nausea and vomiting associated with…
- Surgery
- Anestesia
- Chemo
Phenothiazine suffix
-zine
Phenothiazine examples (3)
- chlorpromazine (Thorazine)
- Prochlorperazine (companzine)
- Promethazine (phenergan)
Nonphenothiazines doe what?
Reduce responsiveness of the nerve cells in the CTZ to circulating chemicals that induce vomiting
Nonphenothiazine indications
Prevent nausea and vomiting
Nonphenothiazine example
Metochlorpramide (Reglan)
Nonphenothiazine side effects (3)
- Drowsiness
- Restlessness
- Extrapyramidal Symptoms
Extrapyramidal Symptoms (3)
- Muscle rigidity
- Tremors
- Difficulty walking
Anticholinergic/antihistamines do what?
Block impulses to the CTZ
Indications for Anticholinergic/antihistamines
Prevention and treatment of nausea and vomiting associated with motion sickness
Anticholinergic/antihistamine side effects (4)
- Drowsiness
- Confusion
- Dry mouth
- Anorexia
Examples of Anticholinergic/antihistamines (3)
- mexlizine (Antivert)
- Hydroxzine (Vistaril)
- scopolamine
Serotonin (5-HT3) Receptor Blockers do what
-Block receptors associated with nausea and vomiting in the CTZ and locally
Serotonin (5-HT3) Receptor blocker indications
Control of nausea and vomiting
Serotonin (5-HT3) Receptor Blocker examples
- granisetron (Kytrill)
- ondansetron (Zofran)
Substance P/Neurokinin 1 Receptor Antagonists do what?
Act directly in the CNS to block receptors associated with nausea ad vomiting
Substance P/Neurokinin 1 Receptor Antagonist side effects (6)
- Anorexia
- Fatigue
- Constipation
- Diarrhea
- Liver enzyme elevation
- Dehydration
Substance P/Neurokinin 1 Receptor Antagonist example
Aprepitant (Emend)
