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Pharmacology > GI Meds > Flashcards

GI Meds Flashcards

1
Q

What do histamine-2 antagonists do? (2)

A
  • Selectively block histamine-2 receptor sites

- Stops gastric acid production

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2
Q

Indications of histamine-2 antagonists (4)

A
  1. Ulcer treatment
  2. Prophylaxis of stress-induced ulcers
  3. GERD treatment
  4. Relief of heartburn, acid indigestion, and sour stomach
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3
Q

Side Effects of Histamine-2 antagonists (3)

A
  • Palpitations
  • Gynecomastia w/ cimetidine
  • Erectile dysfunction
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4
Q

Suffix for histamine-2 antagonists

A

-tidine

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5
Q

Proton Pump Inhibitors does what?

A

Percent the final step of acid production

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6
Q

Short-term indications of proton pump inhibitors (4)

A
  • Active duodenal ulcers
  • GERD
  • Erosive esophagitis
  • Gastric disease
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7
Q

Long-term indications of Proton Pump Inhibitors

A

Treatment of pathological hyper secretory conditions

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8
Q

CNS Effects of Proton Pump Inhibitors (5)

A
  • Dizziness
  • Headache
  • Vertigo
  • Insomnia
  • Apathy
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9
Q

GI effects of Proton Pump Inhibitors

A
  • Diarrhea
  • Abdominal pain
  • Xerostomia (dry mouth)
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10
Q

What do Proton Pump Inhibitors do to Vitamin B12?

A

Decrease the ability to absorb it

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11
Q

Proton Pump Inhibitors suffix

A

-razole

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12
Q

Antacid function

A

Neutralize stomach acid

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13
Q

Antacid Indications

A

-Symptomatic relief f upset stomach associated with hyper acidity as well as hyperactivity

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14
Q

Examples of antacids (3)

A
  • Aluminum salts
  • Calcium salts
  • Magnesium salts
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15
Q

Antacid side effects (7)

A
  • Acid-base levels and electrolytes
  • Rebound acidity
  • Alkalosis
  • Hypercalcemia
  • Constipation/diarrhea
  • Hyperphosphatemia
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16
Q

Pepsin Inhibitor function

A

Forms ulcer adherent complex at ulcer site to protect from acid, pepsin, and bile salts

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17
Q

Pepsin Inhibitor Indicaiton

A

Promote ulcer healing

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18
Q

Example of Pepsin Inhibitor

A

sucralfate (Carafate)

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19
Q

Pepsin Inhibitor Side Effects

A
  • Constipation
  • Diarrhea
  • Nausea
  • Indigestion
  • Gastric discomfort
  • Dry mouth
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20
Q

What should you do with Pepsin Inhibitors to reduce the side effect of constipation?

A

Increase fluids

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21
Q

Prstaglandins do what?

A

Inhibit gastric acid secretion and increases cytoprotective mucous production

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22
Q

Prostaglandin Indication (2)

A
  • Prevention of NSAID induced gastric ulcers

- Treatment of duodenal ulcers

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23
Q

Contraindications for Prostaglandins

A

Pregnancy => may cause miscarriage

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24
Q

Prostaglandin side effects (7)

A
  • Nausea
  • Diarrhea
  • Abdominal pain
  • Flatulence
  • Vomiting
  • Dyspepsia
  • Constipation
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25
Q

Example of Prostaglandin

A

Misoprostol (cytotec)

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26
Q

Saliva supplement does what?

A

A thickening agent to reduce dry mouth conditions

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27
Q

Saliva supplement indications (3)

A
  • Stroke
  • Salivary gland disorder
  • Head and neck surgery (cancer)
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28
Q

Saliva supplement example

A

Saliva substitute (salivart)

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29
Q

Pancreatic Enzyme Supplement does what?

A

Replacement of enzymes that help the digestion and absorption of fats, protein, carbohydrates

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30
Q

Pancreatic enzyme supplement indications (3)

A
  • Common duct problems
  • Pancreatic disease
  • Cystic fibrosis
31
Q

Pancreatic enzyme supplement example

A

Pancrelipase (Creon, Pancrease, Zenpep)

32
Q

Laxatives work in what three ways?

A
  1. Direct chemical stimulation of the GI tract
  2. Production of bulk or increased fluid in the lumen
  3. Lubrication of the intestinal bolus to promote passage through the GI tract
33
Q

Laxative indications (4)

A
  • Short-term relief of constipation
  • Prevent straining
  • Evacuate the bowel for diagnostic procedures
  • Removal of ingested poisons
34
Q

Laxative GI side effects (3)

A
  • Diarrhea
  • Abdominal cramping
  • Nausea
35
Q

Laxative CV side effects (4)

A
  • Sweating
  • Palpitations
  • Flushing
  • Fainting
36
Q

Laxatives can interfere with what in regards to other medications

A

The timing or process of absorption of other meds

37
Q

Types of laxatives (4)

A
  1. Osmotic laxatives
  2. Chemical stimulants
  3. Bulk stimulants
  4. Lubricant
38
Q

Osmotic laxatives does what?

A

Pulls water into colon to increase bulk and promotes peristalsis

39
Q

Chemical stimulants do what?

A

Chemically irritate the lining of the GI tract

40
Q

Bulk stimulants does what?

A

Cause the fecal matter to increase in bulk

41
Q

Lubricants does what?

A

Help the intestinal contents move more smoothly

42
Q

Examples of Osmotic laxatives (3)

A
  • phospho-soda, polyethylene glycol (Miralax)

- lactulose (Cronulac)

43
Q

Examples of Chemical Stimulants (4)

A
  • cascara (Generic)
  • senna (senokot)
  • castor oil (Neoloid)
  • Biscodyl (dulcolax)
44
Q

Examples of Bulk Stimulants (2)

A
  • Polycarbophil (FiberCon)

- Psyllium (metamucil)

45
Q

Examples of lubricating laxatives (3)

A
  • docusate (Colace)
  • glycerin (sani-supp)
  • Mineral oil (agoral plain)
46
Q

Anti-diarrheal drugs do what?

A

Slow gastric motility

47
Q

Anti-diarrheal drugs indications

A

-Relief of symptoms of acute or chronic diarrhea

48
Q

Types of anti-diarrheal drugs (2)

A
  1. Opiate/opiate-related

2. Absorbents

49
Q

Opiate/opiate-related anti-diarrheal drugs does what?

A

-Decrease intestinal motility/peristalsis

50
Q

Do not take what with opiate/opiate-related anti-diarrheal drugs

A

Alcohol or sedatives

51
Q

Examples of opiate/opiate-related anti-diarrheal (2)

A
  • diphenoxylate/atropine (Lomotil

- loperamide (Imodium)

52
Q

Adsorbents do what?

A

Coat wall of GI tract and absorbing the bacteria or toxins hat are causing the diarrhea

53
Q

Example of absorbents

A

Bismuth Subsalicylate (Pepto-bismol)

54
Q

Emetics do what?

A

-Cause vomiting

55
Q

Antiemetics do what?

A

Decrease or prevent nausea and vomiting

56
Q

Phenothiazines do what?

A

Inhibit CTZ in the CNS

57
Q

Phenothiazine indications

A

Treatment of nausea and vomiting associated with…

  1. Surgery
  2. Anestesia
  3. Chemo
58
Q

Phenothiazine suffix

A

-zine

59
Q

Phenothiazine examples (3)

A
  • chlorpromazine (Thorazine)
  • Prochlorperazine (companzine)
  • Promethazine (phenergan)
60
Q

Nonphenothiazines doe what?

A

Reduce responsiveness of the nerve cells in the CTZ to circulating chemicals that induce vomiting

61
Q

Nonphenothiazine indications

A

Prevent nausea and vomiting

62
Q

Nonphenothiazine example

A

Metochlorpramide (Reglan)

63
Q

Nonphenothiazine side effects (3)

A
  • Drowsiness
  • Restlessness
  • Extrapyramidal Symptoms
64
Q

Extrapyramidal Symptoms (3)

A
  • Muscle rigidity
  • Tremors
  • Difficulty walking
65
Q

Anticholinergic/antihistamines do what?

A

Block impulses to the CTZ

66
Q

Indications for Anticholinergic/antihistamines

A

Prevention and treatment of nausea and vomiting associated with motion sickness

67
Q

Anticholinergic/antihistamine side effects (4)

A
  • Drowsiness
  • Confusion
  • Dry mouth
  • Anorexia
68
Q

Examples of Anticholinergic/antihistamines (3)

A
  • mexlizine (Antivert)
  • Hydroxzine (Vistaril)
  • scopolamine
69
Q

Serotonin (5-HT3) Receptor Blockers do what

A

-Block receptors associated with nausea and vomiting in the CTZ and locally

70
Q

Serotonin (5-HT3) Receptor blocker indications

A

Control of nausea and vomiting

71
Q

Serotonin (5-HT3) Receptor Blocker examples

A
  • granisetron (Kytrill)

- ondansetron (Zofran)

72
Q

Substance P/Neurokinin 1 Receptor Antagonists do what?

A

Act directly in the CNS to block receptors associated with nausea ad vomiting

73
Q

Substance P/Neurokinin 1 Receptor Antagonist side effects (6)

A
  • Anorexia
  • Fatigue
  • Constipation
  • Diarrhea
  • Liver enzyme elevation
  • Dehydration
74
Q

Substance P/Neurokinin 1 Receptor Antagonist example

A

Aprepitant (Emend)

Pharmacology (9 decks)

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