CNS/PNS Flashcards
CNS Stimulant Actions
Stimulate the release of neurotransmitters dopamine and norepinephrine-then block reuptake
CNS Indications (2)
- ADD/ADHD
- Narcolepsy
CNS Stimulant Side Effects (6)
- Nervousness
- Insomnia
- Dizziness
- Headache
- Blurred vision
- Anorexia
Drug-drug CNS Stimulant (3)
- MAOI (HTN crisis)
- Tricyclic antidepressant
- Phenytonin
Atomoxetine (Strattera) is _____
Non-addictive
Methylphenidate and amphetamine are ___
Controlled substance (physical and psychological dependence)
Goal of anticonvulsant drugs
Suppress abnormal neuron firing
Gabapentin can also be use for patients with….
Peripheral neuropathy due to DM
Hydantoins are best for patients who are unable to tolerate what?
Sedation and drowsiness
Side effects for Hydantoins (3)
- Gingival hyperplasia
- Teratogenic
- Decreased libido
- Nystagmus (eye twitching)
Barbiturates indications (3)
- Partial seizures
- Grand mal seizures
- Acute episodes of status epilepticus
Barbiturates cautions
- Sedation, and patient tolerance to drug
- Discontinue phenobarbital (gradually to reduce risk for seizure)
Clonazepam (Klonopin) indication
Controlling petit mal seizures
Clonazepam (Klonopin) tolerance may occur when?
After 6 months of use
Clonazepam (Klonopin) route of administration
PO
clorazepate dipotassium (Tranxene) indication
Adjunctive hearty for treating partial seizures
Clorazepate dipotassium (Tranxene) route of administration
PO
Diazepam (Valium) is used for what?
Emergency situations
Diazepam (Valium) route of administration
IV
Diazepam (Valium) indication
Acute status epilepticus
When giving valproic acid (Depakote) what should you monitor?
-Liver enzymes
Valproic acid has a ____therapeutic window
Narrow
Valproic acid indication (2)
- Petit mal
- Grand mal
What order should drugs be given during status epilepticus
- Diazepam
- Lorazepam
- Phenytoin
- Midazolam (Versed) or proposal (Diprivan)
Parkinson’s disease has an imbalance of what two things?
Dopamine and acetylcholine
Parkinson’s medications will effect what two things?
Dopamine or acetylcholine
Anticholinergic blocks what?
Acetylcholine
Anticholinergic indications (2)
- Tx of Parkinson’s disease
- Relief of extrapyramidal symptoms
Anticholinergic contraindications (3)
- Narrow angle glaucoma
- GI obstruction
- Prostatic hypertrophy
Anticholinergic cautions (2)
- Dysrhythmias
- Hypotension
Benzotropine (Cogentin) route of administration
PO
Biperiden (Akineotn) route of administration
PO
trihexyphenidyl (Artane) route of administration
PO
Anticholinergic side effects (6)
- Disorientation
- Agitation
- Delirium
- Urinary retention
- Constipation
- Dry mouth
Drug-drug interactions with Anticholinergic (2)
- Tricyclic antidepressants
- Phenthiazine
Dopaminergic does what?
Increase dopamine levels
Dopaminergic indication
Relief of the signs and symptoms of Parkinson’s disease
Dopaminergic contraindications (2)
- Angle closure glaucoma
- GI obstruction
Dopaminergic cautions (2)
- CV disease
- Psychiatric disorders
Dopaminergic Side Effects (4)
- Anxiety, nervousness
- Headache
- Blurred vision
- Dysrhthmias
Drug-drug Dopaminergic (2)
- MAOI (HTN crisis)
- Vitamin B6 (decreases absorption)
What is the main Tx for Parkinson’s disease?
Levodopa
Levodopa route of administration
PO
Carbidopa-levodopa can’t be given with what?
Protein
Levodopa is the precursor to what?
Dopamine
Why is carbidopa paired with levodopa?
Carbidopa allows for the levodopa to enter the brain
MAO-B inhibitors do what?
Block the enzyme MAO-B, which breaks down dopamine
COMT inhibitors do what?
Inhibit the enzyme that inactivates dopamine
Goal for Alzheimer’s medications
Slow the cognitive decline
Acetylcholinesterase/cholinesterase inhibitors do what? (2)
- Allow more acetylcholine in neuron receptors
- Increase/maintain cognitive function
Acetylcholinesterase/cholinesterase inhibitors indication
Mild to moderate Alzheimer’s disease
Acetylcholinesterase/cholinesterase inhibitors caution
Hepatoxicity
Acetylcholinesterase/cholinesterase inhibitors drug-drug (3)
- Theophylline
- TCA’s
- Cimetidine
