GI Esophagus/Stomach

Question 1

glycocalyx

Answer 1

glycoproteins projecting from apical plasma membrane of absorptive epi cells

Question 2

microvilli

Answer 2

projections of the apical surface of absorptive cells

on one cell

Question 3

villi

Answer 3

mucosal projections/folds in SI

folds epi and lamina propria

Question 4

plicae circulares

Answer 4

circumferential submucosal projections/folds in SI

folds mucosa and submucosa

Question 5

rugae

Answer 5

lungitudinal submucosal folds in stomach

Question 6

spincter + teniae coli

Answer 6

modifications in the muscularis

longitudinal in colon

Question 7

barrett’s esophagus

Answer 7

raplacement of esophageal squamous epi by specialized columnar epi

Question 8

barrett’s Sx

Answer 8

frequent heartburn
difficulty swallowing
chest pain
black stool
vomiting blood

Question 9

barrett’s Dx

Answer 9

endoscopically identified mucosa should be examined via biopsy

Question 10

barrett’s Tx

Answer 10

Tx for GERD
periodic endoscopy
remove damaged tissue

Question 11

stomach regions (histo-style)

Answer 11

cardiac (has cardiac glands)
fundic (gastric glands)
pyloric (pyloric glands)

Question 12

cardiac gland structure

Answer 12

tubular and tortuous
mostly unbranched
pit = gland

Question 13

fundic gland structure

Answer 13

simple branched tubular glands

pit < gland

Question 14

fundic gland cell types

Answer 14

mucous neck cells
chief cells
parietal cells
enteroendocrine cells
undifferentiated cells

Question 15

gastric juice components

Answer 15

water
electrolytes
HCl
pepsin
mucous
IF

Question 16

mucous neck cells

Answer 16

found in neck region of gland
no prominent mucus cup
secrete soluble mucus upon vagal stim
diff to distinguish

Question 17

chief cell structure

Answer 17

look foamy
stain more lightly than parietal
basal cytoplasm has lots of rER
apical zymogen granules

Question 18

chief cell location

Answer 18

mostly in fundic

found in lower part of gland

Question 19

chief cell fxn

Answer 19

secrete pepsinogen and a weak lipase

Question 20

parietal cell structure

Answer 20

very eosinophilic
maybe binucleate
large, triangular
intracellular canalicular system + tubulovesicular membrane system

Question 21

parietal cell location

Answer 21

found throughout gland

many in upper part

Question 22

parietal cell fxn

Answer 22

secrete HCl + IF

Question 23

parietal cell receptors

Answer 23

trigger HCl secretion

receptors: gastrin, histamine H2, acetylcholine M3

Question 24

parietal canalicula fxn

Answer 24

increase SA

HCl can be made outside cell and flushed into lumen

Question 25

enteroendocrine cell structure

Answer 25

nuc closer to lumen

see in silver stain

Question 26

enteroendocrine cell fxn

Answer 26

secrete hormones into lamina propria

Question 27

pyloric gland location

Answer 27

pyloric antrum

Question 28

pyloric gland structure

Answer 28

branched
tubular
coiled

Question 29

pernicious anemia

Answer 29

absence of parietal cells
(no IF, no B12)
overgrowth of gram - anaerobic bacteria

Question 30

peptic ulcer disease

Answer 30

commonly caused by H. pylori

mucosal cells are damaged

Question 31

cells in cardiac section

Answer 31

few enteroendocrine cells

Question 32

cells in pyloric section

Answer 32

few parietal cells

enteroendocrine cells