GI Esophagus/Stomach Flashcards
glycocalyx
glycoproteins projecting from apical plasma membrane of absorptive epi cells
microvilli
projections of the apical surface of absorptive cells
on one cell
villi
mucosal projections/folds in SI
folds epi and lamina propria
plicae circulares
circumferential submucosal projections/folds in SI
folds mucosa and submucosa
rugae
lungitudinal submucosal folds in stomach
spincter + teniae coli
modifications in the muscularis
longitudinal in colon
barrett’s esophagus
raplacement of esophageal squamous epi by specialized columnar epi
barrett’s Sx
frequent heartburn difficulty swallowing chest pain black stool vomiting blood
barrett’s Dx
endoscopically identified mucosa should be examined via biopsy
barrett’s Tx
Tx for GERD
periodic endoscopy
remove damaged tissue
stomach regions (histo-style)
cardiac (has cardiac glands)
fundic (gastric glands)
pyloric (pyloric glands)
cardiac gland structure
tubular and tortuous
mostly unbranched
pit = gland
fundic gland structure
simple branched tubular glands
pit < gland
fundic gland cell types
mucous neck cells chief cells parietal cells enteroendocrine cells undifferentiated cells
gastric juice components
water electrolytes HCl pepsin mucous IF
mucous neck cells
found in neck region of gland
no prominent mucus cup
secrete soluble mucus upon vagal stim
diff to distinguish
chief cell structure
look foamy
stain more lightly than parietal
basal cytoplasm has lots of rER
apical zymogen granules
chief cell location
mostly in fundic
found in lower part of gland
chief cell fxn
secrete pepsinogen and a weak lipase
parietal cell structure
very eosinophilic
maybe binucleate
large, triangular
intracellular canalicular system + tubulovesicular membrane system
parietal cell location
found throughout gland
many in upper part
parietal cell fxn
secrete HCl + IF
parietal cell receptors
trigger HCl secretion
receptors: gastrin, histamine H2, acetylcholine M3
parietal canalicula fxn
increase SA
HCl can be made outside cell and flushed into lumen
