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Histology > GI Accessory Organs > Flashcards

GI Accessory Organs Flashcards

1
Q

parenchyma of liver structure

A

organized plates of hepatocytes separated by sinusoidal capillaries

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2
Q

Glisson’s capsule

A

fibrous CT

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3
Q

porta hepatis components

A

hepatic portal vein
hepatic portal artery
common bile duct

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4
Q

stroma components

A 
glisson's capsule
porta hepatis
sinusoids
perisinusoidal space (space of disse)
nerves/lymphatic ducts
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5
Q

portal triad epis

A

vein - simple squamous
artery - simple squamous
bile duct - simple cuboidal

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6
Q

liver blood flow

A 
portal vein (75%) + hepatic artery (25%)
hepatic sinusoids
central vein
sublobular vein
hepatic vein
(IVC)
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7
Q

kinds of liver lobules

A

classic
portal
liver acinus

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8
Q

classic lobe

A

central vein in middle surrounded w/ 6 portal canals

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9
Q

portal lobule

A

portal canal in middle

surrounded by 3 central veins

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10
Q

liver acinus

A

2 central veins on either end

2 portal canals on top/bottom

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11
Q

liver acinus layers

A
  1. closest to portal canals
  2. next
  3. . closest to central veins
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12
Q

liver acinus layer characteristics

A
  1. first to get O2, nutrients, toxins, first to repair
  2. next
  3. last to get O2, nutrients, toxins, last to repair
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13
Q

hepatocyte characteristics

A 
tight jxns between
2 layers face sinusoids
4 face canaliculi
can be binucleate 
exocrine/endocrine fxn
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14
Q

peroxisome fxn in hepatocytes

A

detox

use catalase, dehydrogenase

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15
Q

sER fxn in hepatocytes

A

degradation
conjugation
synth CHL, lipid part of lipoproteins

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16
Q

golgi inclusion body fxn in hepatocytes

A

there are a lot of products that need to be packaged to be sent out

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17
Q

lysosome fxn in hepatocytes

A

store iron

indicate disease – #s go up w/ bile stasis or hep

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18
Q

important hepatocyte organelles

A

lysosomes
peroxisomes
sER
golgi

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19
Q

liver fxns

A 
make plasma proteins
store A, D, K, iron
convert D3 into 25-hydroxy...
metabolize CHO and lipids
make/convert nonessential AAs
synthesize urea
endocrine (thyroxine, GH, insulin, glucagon -- activates)
drug/toxin degradation
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20
Q

plasma proteins liver makes

A 
albumins
alpha/beta globulins
lipoproteins
glycoproteins
prothrombin/fibrinogen (clotting factors)
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21
Q

liver detox steps

A

lipid soluble
phase I
phase II
excretion

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22
Q

phase I of liver detox

A 
oxidation
reduction
hydrolysis
hydration (maybe)
cytochrome P450 is important
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23
Q

phase II of liver detox

A 
done in sER
conjugation
sulfation
acetylation
(end = water soluble)
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24
Q

liver detox excretion methods

A

gallbladder

kidney (blood)

25
hep C cell entry
hijack tigh jxns | attach to occludens and claudins - gain entry
26
space of disse (aka and components)
aka perisinusoidal space hepatocyte microvilli liver secretions stellate (ito) cells
27
kupffer cell fxn
phagocyte (mononuclear) part of sinusoidal epi help clear senescent RBCs (help more w/ splenectomy) convert/store iron
28
ito cell fxn
- store vit A - monitor blood for vit A if down --> convert retinol esters to retinol and release into blood - synth type I and III collagen (if damage to cell) (chronic --> scar tissue)
29
where bilirubin comes from
breakdown of RBCs
30
bile salts + bilirubin
bole salts = conjugated bilirubin
31
bile components
``` conjugated and degraded waste bilirubin H2O electrolytes phospholipids bile salts and pigments ```
32
hormonal stimulates of bile flow
CCK motilin gastrin
33
bile flow pattern
``` bile canaliculi canal of hering intrahepatic ductile bile ducts common hepatic duct ```
34
lymph flow pattern
space of mall lymphatic capillaries lymphatic vessels
35
jaundice mech
bilirubin absorbed by hepatocytes | H2O-soluble form secreted into bile canaliculi
36
causes of jaundice (specific)
mild trauma long term cirrhosis gallstones if block bile duct
37
causes of jaundice (broad)
damage to hypatocytes blockage of bile duct no bile creation
38
gallbladder fxn
concentrate (coupled transport) and store bile
39
regulation of gallbladder
CCK parasympathetic innervation (relax sphincter --> up flow)
40
how gallbladder concentrates bile
fluid absorption: 1. coupled transport of Na, Cl, HCO3 2. water moves into cells via aquaporin 3. hydrostatic P forces isotonic soln into LP 4. fluid goes into fenestrated caps
41
gallstone development steps
hyperplasia of epi penetrate down into ME --> rokitansky-Aschoff sinuses sinuses fill w/bile salts, debris products calcify --> gallstones
42
pancreas components
exocrine (acini) | endocrine (islets of Langerhans)
43
exocrine fxns of pancreas
digestive enzymes
44
endocrine fxns of pancreas
insulin glucagon SS
45
histo of pancreas vs parotid
pancreas has centroacinar cells panc has fewer ducts panc has islets of Langerhans
46
pancreas architecture
CT septa extend from capsule to make irregular lobules | lobules contain acini, intercalated ducts, islets of langerhans
47
regulation of pancreas exocrine
secretin (make centroacinar cell secrete bicarb) CCK (make acinar cells secrete digestive enzymes) sympathetic parasympathetic
48
flow of enzymes
centroacinar cells intercalated ducts intralobular ducts interlobular ducts
49
pancreatic duct epi
intercalated (simple squamous) intralobular (simple cuboidal) interlobular (simple/stratified columnar)
50
cell types (+ fxns) in islets of Langerhans
15-20%: A cells (glucagon) 70%: B cells (insulin) 5-10%: D cells (SS) 5%: minor islet cells
51
insulin actions
stim liver/skeletal muscle to store glycogen | stim adipose to store fat
52
glucagon actions
stim liver/muscle to release glucose into blood | stim gluconeogenesis
53
SS actions
can inhibit insulin and glucagon | inhibit gastrin release
54
regulation of islets of langerhans
blood glucose levels sympathetic parasympathetic
55
sympathetic innervation of islets
stim secretion of glucagon
56
parasympathetic innervation of islets
stim secretion of insulin may stim glucagon may restrict glucose
57
type I diabetes mech
B cells damaged
58
type II diabetes mech
insulin resistance

Histology (10 decks)

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