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Histology > Endo - pituitary/adrenal > Flashcards

Endo - pituitary/adrenal Flashcards

1
Q

pituitary gets bigger when?

A

multiparous women

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2
Q

pituitary location

A

base of brain in a depression of the sella tunica

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3
Q

AP derivation

A

envagination of ectoderm of oropharynx up towards brain

–> Rathke’s pouch

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4
Q

PP derivation

A

downgrowth of neuroectoderm

–> infandibulum, near floor of 3rd ventricle

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5
Q

oropharynx ectoderm becomes

A

pars distalis
pars intermedia
pars tuberalis

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6
Q

neuroectoderm becomes

A

posterior lobe and infandibulum

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7
Q

portal system

A

caps from superior hypophyseal arteries

–> portal veins carry from median eminence and infundibulum to pars distalis

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8
Q

arterial supplies to pituitary

A

PP: arterial supply
AP: no direct arterial
inf hypophyseal arteries: pars nervosa
sup hypophyseal arteries: pars tuberalis, median eminence, infundibulum
(inf and sup both from internal carotid; sup also from post communicating artery of the circle of Willis)

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9
Q

anterior pituitary sections (+fxns)

A

pars distalis: respond to hypo, main secretory portion (ACTH, TSH, FSH, LH, GH, PRL)
pars tuberalis: area surrounds infundibulum, highly vascularized
pars intermedia: whats left of rathke btwn rathke and pars nervosa (produce proopiomelanocortin)

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10
Q

pituitary parts and cell types

A

distalis: basophils, acidophils, chromophobes, folliculo stellate cells?
intermedia: parenchymal, basophils, chromophobes
tuberalis: basophils, chromophobes

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11
Q

tropic hormones

A

regulate activity in other endocrine glands

AP: ACTH, TSH, FSH, LH

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12
Q

acidophil cells

A

somatotropes
lactotropes
stain pink

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13
Q

basophil cells

A

corticotropes
gonadotropes
thyrotropes
stain purple

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14
Q

pars distalis structure

A

organized into clumps and cords separated by fenestrated sinusoidal capillaries

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15
Q

somatrope (production/regulation)

A

produce GH
(+) GHRH
(-) SS, ghrelin(?)

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16
Q

lactotrope (production/regulation)

A 
produce PRL
(-) dopamine
(+) TRH, VIP
hypertrophy/plasia during pregnancy
(when release vesicles cyto doesnt stain = chromophobe)
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17
Q

corticotropes (production/regulation)

A

produce ACTH precursor

(+) CRH

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18
Q

gonadotrope

production/regulation

A

produce LH and FSH

(+) GnRH

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19
Q

thyrotrope (production/regulation)

A

produce TSH

(+) TRH

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20
Q

posterior pituitary sections (+ cell types)

A

pars nervosa: non-myelinated axons and nerve endings; pituicytes
infundibulum: continuous w/ median eminence, axons of hypothalamohypophyseal tracts

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21
Q

AP staining patterns

A

acidophilic
basochilic
chromophobes

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22
Q

folliculo stellate cells

A

in ant pit
supporting cells
long cytoplasmic processes
surround hormone producing cells in pars distalis

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23
Q

where do you find herring bodies?

A

posterior pituitary

24
Q

herring body structure

A

dilated portions of axons
accumulations of neurosecretory vesicles
unique to post pit

25
Q

post pit hormones

A

oxytocin

ADH

26
Q

neurons from hypothalamus to post pit

A

hypothalamo-hypophyseal tract

27
Q

hormone packaging in post pit

A

hormones combined w/ proteins called dynorphins

28
Q

hypothalamus location

A

middle of the base of the brain

encapsulated ventricle part of 3rd ventricle

29
Q

ADH actions

A

acts on V2 receptors

increase permeability of CD to water (aquoporin)

30
Q

diabetes insipidus sx

A 
polyuria
increased thirst (maybe > 25 L/day)
31
Q

diabetes insipidus types

A

hypothalamic (head injury - no ADH made)

nephrogenic (V2 mutation - no ADH binding)

32
Q

how to stim ADH

A

baroreceptors/osmoreceptoors show dehydration
hypothalamus reacts (supraoptic nucleus and paraventricular nucleus)
stored/released from PP

33
Q

stim OXY

A

suckling
hypothalamus reacts (supraoptic nucleus and paraventricular nucleus)
stored/released from PP

34
Q

oxy actions

A

promotes contraction of SM in uterus and myoepithelial cells in breast in lactating moms post partum

35
Q

adrenal gland location

A

flattened triangular shapes embedded in perirenal fat of the kidneys

36
Q

adrenal gland staining

A

medulla darker than cortex

37
Q

adrenal gland development

A

cortex from mesodermal mesenchyme

medulla from neural crest cells

38
Q

adrenal gland maturation

A

fully @ 4 months old

39
Q

adrenal gland blood supply

A

superior, middle and inferior suprarenal arteries

40
Q

adrenal gland blood patterns

A 
capillary arteries (supply capsule)
fenestrated cortical sinusoidal capillaries (supply cortex, drain to medulla)
medullary arterioles (cross cortex to medulla)
41
Q

adrenal gland veins

A

cortical and medullary sinusoids
collecting veins
central adrenomedullary vein
L into IVC, R into renal vein

42
Q

central adrenomedullary vein structure

A

tunica media is thicker w/ longitudinal SM

43
Q

central adrenomedullary vein

function

A

helps push adrenal gland secretions into circulation

44
Q

adrenal cortex layers (+ description)

A

zona glomerulosa
zona fasiculata
zona reticularis

45
Q

zona glomerulosa description

A

small cells in oval groups or curve columns

densely staining nucleus

46
Q

zona glomerulosa secretion

A

mineralcorticoids

- aldosterone

47
Q

zona fasciculata description

A

large polyhedral cells arranged in cords
separated by sinusoidal capillaries
lightly staining, foamy (high lipid) nucleus and binucleate cells

48
Q

zona fasciculata secretion

A

glucocorticoids

49
Q

zona reticularis description

A

smaller nuclei
stain deeply, less cytoplasm (less dense than ZG)
anastamosing cords separated by fenestrated capillaries

50
Q

zona reticularis secretion

A

weak androgens

51
Q

adrenal gland medulla description

A

central adrenomedullary veins
ganglion cells
chromaffin cells organized into ovoid clusters
myelinated presynaptic symp nerves

52
Q

medulla cells

A

chromaffin cells: large, pale-staining epitheloid cells

53
Q

adrenal gland medulla secretion

A

NE (large, dense core vesicles)
E (smaller, more homogenous vesicles)
(GCCs from cortex used to convert NE to E)

54
Q

chromaffin cells derived from

A

ganglion cells

55
Q

ganglion cells in medulla

A

usually in groups
off set nucleus
very round nucleus

56
Q

pheochromocytoma sx

A 
episodic
hypertension
cardiac arrhythmias 
axiety
fear of impending death
57
Q

pheochromocytoma cause

A

chromaffin cell tumors produce excessive catecholamines

arise from ganglion outside adrenal gland

Histology (10 decks)

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