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pharmocolgy 2 > GI drugs > Flashcards

GI drugs Flashcards

1
Q

What is the tx of choice for acute ulcers?

A

antiacids

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2
Q

what type of therapy is needed to reduce the rate of recurrence for gastric ulcers?

A

antibiotic therapy

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3
Q

What do all the antibiotic therapies for the tx of ulcers have in common?

A

They all contain a PPI

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4
Q

what medications are included in the bismuth quadruple therapy?

A

bisuth, metro, tetra, and PPI

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5
Q

what is included in the concomitant quadruple therapy?

A

clarith, metro, amox and ppi

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6
Q

what is included in the triple therapy?

A

clarith, metro or amox and ppi

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7
Q

which tx for ulcers shows the greatest eradication rates?

A

the bismuth and concomitant quadruple therapy, triple therapy is old news baby

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8
Q

What two proton pump drugs do we need to know?

A

omeprazole and lansoprazole

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9
Q

You have an elderly pt with who just recently had a stent placed due to an MI so they put them on clopidogrel but now they have the GERD. What drug would you not recommend ?

A

omeprazole because its actions on cyp450 might inhibit the conversion of clopidogrel to its active form.

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10
Q

Can you have rebound gastric acidity after stopping a PPI?

A

yes yes you can

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11
Q

Is anyone PPI more efficacious than the other?

A

no they are all created equal

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12
Q

Clinical uses for PPI are?

A

Gerd- most effective agent

Peptic ulcer disease- more rapid symptom relief and faster healing than H2 anatagonists

NSAID induced ulcers

Prevention of stress gastritis

Zollinger-ellison syndrome- higher dose provides complete symptomatic relief

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13
Q

H2 receptor anatagonists?

A

Ranitidine
Cimetidine
famotidine
nizatidine

all of these are available OTC for acute gastritis

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14
Q

true or false: H2 blockers are better at suppressing nocturnal acid secretion than meal stimulated acid secretion?

A

True

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15
Q

True or false bothe PPis and H2 blockers are rapidly absorbed?

A

True

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16
Q

Clinical use of H2 blockers?

A

Gerd- if its infrequent

Peptic ulcer disease - but PPI is better

Stress-related gastritis- reduces bleeding when given IV

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17
Q

H2 blocker effects on CNS?

A

slurred speech, confusion more common with cimetidine

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18
Q

You have a pt taking ketaconazole (for something already forget possibly candida) and they have intermittent Gerd. should you use a PPI or H2 blocker?

A

neither they need to suck it up because all anitsecretory agents decrease ketaconazole absorption by causing an increase in gastric PH

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19
Q

out of all the H2 blockers which one has the most drug interactions?

A

Cimetidine

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20
Q

What are the drug to drug interactions brought on by cimetidine?

A

it inhibits cytochrom p450 oxidative metabolism.

This can increase the effects of many drugs. some of which are warfarin, phenytoin, carbamazepine, ketoconazole

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21
Q

which agent is a mucosal protective agent?

A

sucralfate

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22
Q

How does sucralfate work?

A

it binds to necrotic ulcer tissue to form a protective barrier. Single dose can last 6 hours

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23
Q

Should you administer sucralfate with an antacid or h2 blocker?

A

no becasue it is activated at a acid of less than 4.

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24
Q

true or false sucralfate has systemic absorption?

A

false

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25
Q

Whats the most common adverse effect of sucralfate?

A

constipation

26
Q

So for antisecretory drugs we have?

A

H2 blockers
PPis
sucralfate
prostaglandins

27
Q

true or false: Misoprostol is a prostaglandin?

A

true

28
Q

what is the pharmacodynamic affect of prostaglandins?

A

inhibits cAMP formation which results in decreased H+ secretion (most important clinical effect)

29
Q

does misoprostol stimulate acid neutralizing HCO3 formation?

A

yes- but most important effect is decrease secretion of H+

30
Q

How rapid of an onset does misoprostol have?

A

this baby kicks in within 30 minutes but has a very short half life also 30 minutes

31
Q

If someone has an Nsaid-induced ulceration but they do not want to take a PPI what is the next best drug?

A

Misoprostol

32
Q

You have a pregnant pt with a NSAID ulceration and you know misoprostol work super well for this. Are you going to prescribe it for this pregnant pt?

A

NO because of its increase in uterine motility

33
Q

Properties of an ideal antacid?

A
  1. should raise PH rapidly to 4-5
  2. should be long acting
  3. Should have no undesirable side effects
34
Q

Should an antacid contain NAHCO3?

A

No because it results in the highest levels of systemic actions. you do not want systemic actions in antacids

35
Q

If an antacid contains AL++, Mg+ and Ca++ how are they absorbed?

A

they are absorbed less completely and with normal renal function accumulation (however they usually raise urine PH by 1 unit)

36
Q

effectiveness of an antacid is defined by mEq of acid neutralizing capacity however how are they dosed in clinical use?

A

dosed by titration until symptom relief is achieved

37
Q

when should antacids be taken?

A

1 hour to 3 hours after a meal so that they are not excreted quickly and can last as long as possible

38
Q

Which primary neutralizing ingredient of an antacid can cause rebound secretion of acid?

A

Calcium (tums) due to its effect on gastrin release

39
Q

What primary neutralizing ingredient binds to phosphate in the gut and is also used in chronic renal failure to hyperphosphatemia

A

this is aluminum- main side effect is constipation

40
Q

what can chronic use of an aluminum antacid result in?

A

may lead to CNS toxicity (encephalopathy)

41
Q

What antacid causes osmotic diarrhea and is often added to antacid preparations that contain Al++

A

Magnesium (milk of magnesia)

42
Q

true or false: Milk of magnesia can be used if renal disease is present?

A

false

43
Q

why is NAHCO3 contraindicated for long term use?

A

due to systemic effects: Na+ overload and alkalosis

44
Q

when should sodium bicarb be avoided?

A

Pregnant, CHF, hypertension edema and renal failure

45
Q

What laxatives are bulk forming?

A

psyllium

46
Q

How does psyllium work?

A

it facilitates passage and stimulates peristalsis by absorption of water and subsequent bulk expansion

basically makes your poop bigger and thus pushes on your GI tract to stimulate the response of “hey get us the fuck out of here”

47
Q

How does saline laxative agent work?

A

non-absorbable ions which cause osmotic retention of water inside the intestine leading to increased peristalsis

48
Q

What are some saline (osmotic) laxatives?

A

Polyethylene glycol, Milk of magnesia, phosphate enema, and lactulose

49
Q

What is the first line tx fro constipation?

A

polyethylene glycol aka miralax

50
Q

You have someone who is getting a colonoscopy would you use high volume polyethylene glycol or low volume?

A

high volume is used for bowel cleansing prior to radiologic, surgical or endoscope procedures

51
Q

Bisacodyl is a stimulant/irritant laxative how does it work?

A

thought to work by inducing low-grade inflammation in the bowel to promote accumulation of water and electrolytes which then stimulates peristalsis.

activates prostaglandin-Camp and NO-gCMP

52
Q

True or false: Bisacodyl is the most widely abused class of laxative?

A

true

53
Q

Which two laxatives are stool-wetting agents?

A

docusate ( a surfactant)

Mineral oil (lubricant)

54
Q

what is docusate primary role?

A

used in prevention of constipation, often given when someone is starting an opioid

55
Q

how does mineral oil work?

A

it coats the poop preventing the GI tract from absorbing the water from it

use in caution with children due to aspiration into the lungs

56
Q

Loperamide is an opioid acting anti diarrheal, what is the mechanism of action?

A

it has effects on motility (decreased), intestinal secretion, and absorption and also has an anti-secretory activity against cholera toxin

57
Q

One of your patients is going on vacation to an area where diarrhea runs rapid what anti diarhheal would you give?

A

Loperamide (imodium)

only thing is high doses can cross BBB

58
Q

How doe the

polycarbophil (mitrolan) work?

A

this bad boy is like an ant (ants can lift like 100x there weight) mitrolan can absorb 60x weight in H2O

-can be used for diarrhea and prevents constipation

59
Q

what are the three absorbent anti diarrheal drugs we need to know?

A

Kaolin, Pectin, bismuth subsalicylate (pepto bismol)

60
Q

Hmm wonder how adSORBENTS work

A

Well they absorb toxins that cause irritation (remember the laxative drug that causes irritation), they can also absorb drugs, nutrients and digestive enzymes

61
Q

Should you give bismuth subsalicylate (pepto bismol) to children under 12?

A

NO salicylate causes risk for reyes syndrome

62
Q

Probiotics

A

If you know you know

pharmocolgy 2 (15 decks)

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