antibacterial agents

Question 1

Penicillin G and V

MOA

Spectrum

Pharmokinetics

Adverse reaction

Answer 1

MOA: e.w synthesis of inhibition (stage 3) bactericidal

Spectrum: Cocci gram + (staph/strep/entero), Gram - (M.Cart), Rods Gram +, Anaerobes (most but NOT Bacteroides)

Pharm: Renal Excertion

Adverse Rx: Anaphylaxis (rare), Rash (Common), Convulsions (very high doses)

Question 2

Penicillinase-resistant

(oxacillin, Dicloxacillin, Nafcillin)

Answer 2

Spectrum: S. aures (MSSA), skin infections that are not MRSA

Pharmokinetics: Good oral (not naficillin though)

Question 3

Extended spectrum

Amoxicillin, ampicillin

Answer 3

MOA: e.w synthesis inhibition bacteridial

Spectrum: Rods gram - (H. flu, E. coli, Proterus), Cocci gram + (less than Pen G and V)

Pharmokinetics: good oral absorption

Advesre reaction: diarhhea, supperinfection (CDAD) possible

Question 4

Antipseudomonal

(pipercillin/ Ticarcillin)

Answer 4

MOA:

Spectrum: pseudomonas, bacterolides (+ anaerobes)

Pharmokinetics: IV only

Advesre reaction: none

Question 5

Cephalosporins

First Gen: Cephalexin, cephradine, cefazolin)

Answer 5

MOA: e.w synthesis inhibition (stage 3) bactericidal

Spectrum: Cocci gram +, Rods gram - (proterus, E.coli, Klebsiella)

Pharmokinetics: good oral absorption, IV/IM only for cefazolin

Advesre reaction: diarrhea

Question 6

Cephalosporins 2nd Gen:

(Cefactor, Cefuroxime, Cefoxitin)

Answer 6

MOA:

Spectrum: Rods gram - ( H. flu, enterobactor), Bacterolides (+ other anaerobes)

Pharmokinetics: good oral absorption, IV/IM only for cefoxitin

Advesre reaction: DDI enhancement of warfarin, anticoag activity possible, superinfection possible

Question 7

Cephalosporins 3rd gen:

Cefidinir, cefotaxime, cefepime (4th gen)

Answer 7

MOA:

Spectrum: Rods: expanded gram -, Good gram +/- cocci for ceftriaxone, moderate pseudomonas activity

Pharmokinetics: good oral absorption, good CNS penetration

Advesre reaction: superinfection possible

Question 8

Vancomycin

Answer 8

MOA: c.w synthesis inhibition of (stage 2) bactericidal

Spectrum: narrow spectrum (cocci: gram +), active aganist MRSA, enterococci, Anaerobe: C. Diff

Pharmokinetics: poor oral absorption, renal excretion

Advesre reaction: infusion related chills/fever/rash, ototoxicity, renal toxicity routine monitoring of Cp levels

Question 9

Carbapenems:

Imipenem, Meropenem, Ertapenem

Answer 9

MOA:

Spectrum:

Pharmokinetics:

Advesre reaction: