GI Conditions Flashcards

1
Q

Aetiology steatosis and steatohepatitis

A

Alcohol, metabolic syndrome, starvation, steroids

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2
Q

Features of steatohepatitis

A

Fatigue, malaise, RUQ pain
AST/ALT may be raised, ALT higher in NASH, AST in alcoholic
More likely to progress to cirrhosis

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3
Q

What is cirrhosis?

A

Hepatic fibrosis, nodular disorganisation, protal hypertension and ultimatley hepatic failure

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4
Q

Aetiology cirrhosis?

A

Alcohol, chronic hep B/C, NASH, NAFLD

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5
Q

Symptoms and signs cirrhosis

A

Fatigue, anorexia, nausea, weight loss, ascites, variceal haemorrhage

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6
Q

Management cirrhosis

A

Zinc supplements, cholestyramie, consider bisphosphonates

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7
Q

Complications cirrhosis

A

Hypersplenism, Vitamin deficiency, synthetic failure, anaemia, thrombocytopenia, coagulopathy, DIC, encephalopathy

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8
Q

Ascites aetiology

A

Cirrhosis, GI/ovarian cancer, lymphoma, chronic hf, nephrotic syndrome, pancreatitis

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9
Q

Management ascites

A

Low salt, spironolactone, paracentesis

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10
Q

Symptoms of primary biliary cirrhosis

A

Asymptomatic, fatigue, pruritis, RUQ pain

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11
Q

Investigations PBC

A

High ESR, Bilirubin, hyperlipidaemia, AMA, IgM, ANA

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12
Q

Management PBC

A

UDCA, DMARDS, liver transplant

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13
Q

Primary sclerosing cholangitis features

A

Autoimmune inflammatory fibrosis of extra-hepatic bile ducts
Men < 35, underlying IBD

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14
Q

PSC investigations

A

p-ANCA, IgG, IgM, USS, ERCP, MRCP

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15
Q

Management PSC

A

Liver transplant only life-prolonging treatment

Avoid alcohol

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16
Q

Features coeliac disease

A

Autoimmune inflammation triggered by gluten

17
Q

Symptoms coeliac

A

Anaemia, abdo discomfort, diarrhoea, mouth ulcers, angular stomatits

18
Q

Associations for coeliac

A

Subfertility, miscarriage, low birth weight, dermatitis herpetiformis

19
Q

Investigations coeliac

A

anti-tTGA/anti-endomysial antibodies; undetectable after 6m gluten free
Duodenal biopsy gold standard

20
Q

management coeliac

A

Gluten free diet, consider vaccinations, bisphosphonates

21
Q

Complications coeliac

A

Osteoporosis, malnutrition, hyposplenism, lactose intolerance

22
Q

Pathogens causing gastroenteritis

A

Norovirus, campylobacter, E. coli, salmonella, shigella

23
Q

Risk for GORD

A

High intra-abdominal pressure, smoking, alcohol, coffee, obesity, hiatus hernia

24
Q

Alarm symptoms GORD

A

Dysphagia, weight loss, anaemia, vomiting, age >55, FH, Melaena

25
Management GORD
PPI for 1-2months
26
Peptic ulcer causes
H. pylori associated, NSAIDs, smoking, alcohol, steroids, stress, bile reflux
27
Symptoms peptic ulcers
Epigastric pain, night waking, nausea, belching, bloating
28
Investigation PU
FBC, H.pylori testing
29
Management PU
PPI if NSAID induced | Eradication therapy for H. pylori
30
Features crohn's disease
Cobblestone colon, skip lesions, granulomas, affects any part of GI tract most commonly ileum, girls aged 15-30, smoking major risk/exacerbating factor
31
Symptoms crohns disease
diarrhoea (mucus > blood), weight loss, abdominal pain, malaise, anorexia, mouth ulcers, perianal lesions, clubbing, ankylosing spondylitis, renal stone
32
Investigations crohns disease
ASCA, high CRP in active disease, stool culture, ileocolonoscopy
33
Treatment crohns disease
smoking cessation, metronidazole if fistulating, PPI if gastric Prednisolone, IV hydrocortisone, azathiprine, infliximab
34
Features UC
Pseudopolyps, thin ulcers, crypt abscess, distal disease
35
Symptoms and signs UC
Bloody diarrhoea, weight loss, abdo pain, tenesmus, urgency, mouth ulcers
36
Investigations UC
p-ANCA, magnesium, albumin, sigmoidoscopy/colonoscopy
37
Treatment UC
Mesalazine - maintenance | Surgery