Dermatology Conditions Flashcards
Aetiologies of impetigo?
Staph aureus, Strep. pyogenes RF: poor hygiene, skin conditions which break epidermis
Signs and symptoms of impetigo?
Localised lesions which turn honey-crusted (nb) or weeping pustules (bu)
Management of impetigo?
Topical fusidic acid for local diseaseOral flucloxacillin for widespread disease
Complications of impetigo?
Scarlet fever/glomerulonephritis
Aetiologies of cellulitis?
Causitive organisms - Staph aureus, Strep pyogenes
Signs and symptoms of cellulitis?
Unilateral, usually lower limb, symptoms Erythema, rigor, tenderness, fever, wet and weepy skinOedema
Investigations of cellulitis?
Skin cultures in unsure cases Blood cultures +/- FNA in atypical disease
Management of cellulitis?
Mild - oral flucloxacilllin and benzlpenicillinSevere - admit and give abx + analgesia
Aetiologies of candida albicans?
RF - antibiotic overuse, venous catheters, parenteral feeding, immunocompromisation, DM
signs and symptoms of candida albicans?
soreness/itching with red, moist areas with ragged peeling edges or pustules with red base and yellow white scales and macerated edges
Management of candida alibicans?
Nystatin
Pathology of HPV?
Viral warts
Signs and symptoms of HPV?
Common viral warts: papule on hands and feet +/- small black spots
Signs and symptoms of molluscs contagiosum?
Small multiple translucent papule with solid base +/- central depressionCan occur anywhere
Pathology of Herpes simplex infection?
Caused by HSV virus Infection which causes a cell-mediated immune response?
Signs and symptoms of type 1 Herpes simplex?
Asymptomatic to nothing more severe than self-limiting pyrexiaRecurrent infections present as cold sores
Management of Herpes simplex?
Topical or oral aciclovir
Signs and symptoms of HSV infection?
Prodromal tingling and pain Followed by dermatomal painful, tender eruptions of blisters lasting 2-4 weeks
Management of HSV infection?
Analgesia Aciclovir/other antivirals
Aetiologies of scabies?
Infestation by mite
Signs and symptoms of scabies?
Itchy red papules occuring anywherePruritus worse at night
Management of scabies?
Topical scabicide
Aetiologies of basal cell and squamous cell carcinoma?
UV radiation SmokingChronic inflammatory conditions Other chemical carcinogens
Pathology of basal cell carcinoma?
Malignant tumour of the skin which arises from the hair follicles
Pathology of squamous cell carcinoma?
Malignant tumour of the keratinising epidermal cells
Signs and symptoms of basal cell carcinoma?
‘rodent’ lesionsSmall, translucent, pearly lesions with telangictasic edges Common sites - head and neck
Signs and symptoms of squamous cell carcinoma?
Lesion with persistent ulceration and or keratinisationVariable shapes, sizes, colours
Investigations for basal and squamous cell carcinoma?
Biopsy for histological evidence
Management of basal cell carcinoma?
Radiotherpapy Cryotherapy and/or photodynamic therapy complimentary to surgical excision + border
Management of squamous cell carcinoma?
Complimentary radiotherapy Surgical excision and border
Aetiologies of malignant melanoma?
UV RADIATION Genetic susceptibility Familial melanoma
Pathology of malignant melanoma?
Pigmented skin which has turned malignant
Signs and symptoms of malignant melanoma?
Arouse suspicion if existing mole changes size, colour, diameter, inflammation, ooziness, itchinessLarge variations in patterns
Investigations of malignant melanoma?
Refer to dermatology is > 1mm thick Dermascope
Management of malignant melanoma?
Surgical excision + border + lymph nodes
Aetiologies of atopic dermatitis?
Atopy
Signs and symptoms of atopic dermatitis?
Bouts of icy, erythematous, scaly patches which are most common in the extensor folds Very acute presentations can be weepy Scratching produces exacerbations and lichenification
Management of atopic dermatitis?
Emollients and varying potencies of topical steroids
Signs and symptoms of common plaque psoriasis?
Characterised by pink/red scaly plaques with a silver scale seen usually on extensor surfaces, lower back, ears and scalp
Signs and symptoms of guttate psoriasis?
Common in younger generationEruption of very small circular places over trunk around 2 weeks post infection
Signs and symptoms of erythrodermic psoriasis?
Diffuse red and hot skin usually without normal plaques Scaling is fine and flaky, painful and itchy Patients will be systemically unwell
signs and Symptoms of pustular psoriasis?
Non-infective pustules arise due to intense inflammation of the skinCan occur alongside EP or just with systemic unrest
