GI Chapter 1

Question 1

How do you decide whether white coating of the tongue is benign or malignant?

Answer 1

When you can’t rub it off, it’s leucoplakia - pre-malignant lesion

Question 2

Name a cause of dysphagia for each subcategory - mechanical block, motility disorder, other

Answer 2

Malignant stricture such as oesophageal cancer
Achalasia
Oesophagitis

Question 3

What is it called when the lower oesoph. sphincter fails to relax?

Answer 3

Achalasia

dysphagia (fluids + solids) , regurg, substernal cramps, wt loss

Question 4

What are differentials for vomiting 1hr after food?

Answer 4

gastric stasis/gastroparesis

Question 5

What is the ix and mx for H pylori

Answer 5

13 C breath test

Triple therapy: PPI, amox and clarithromycin

Question 6

Complications of GORD

Answer 6

oesophagitis, benign stricture, ulcers, iron deficiency -> metaplasia, dysplasia, neoplasia

Question 7

Which type of hiatus hernia is most common?

Answer 7

Sliding hiatus hernia - 80%

Question 8

What is the treatment for C. difficile

Answer 8

Vancomycin first line, then metronidazole

Question 9

`Common causes of diarrhoea

Answer 9

Gastroenteritis, parasites/protozoa, IBS, colorectal cancer, IBD, coeliac

Question 10

What bloods would you do for diarrhoea

Answer 10

FBC, ESR/CPR, U&E, TSH, coeliac serology

Question 11

What are the Rome criteria?

Answer 11

Criteria to diagnose constipation

Question 12

Name a cause of unconj. hyperbilirubinemia where impaired hepatic uptake is the problem

Answer 12

Right heart failure, drugs

Question 13

Which drug causes jaundice through Haemolysis?

Answer 13

Anti-malarials

Question 14

How does Mao-i cause jaundice

Answer 14

by causing hepatitis

Question 15

Causes of gastritis

Answer 15

Alcohol, NSAIDS, H. pylori

Question 16

Which are common causes of upper intestinal bleeds

Answer 16

Peptic ulcers, Mallory-Weiss-t4ear, oesophageal varices/

Question 17

Which is the most at risk of rebleed?

Answer 17

posterior DUs as closest to gastroduodenal artery

Question 18

what’s the prognosis for rebleeds?

Answer 18

40% die of complications

Question 19

Pathogenesis of oesophageal varices

Answer 19

linked to hepatic fibrosis

Question 20

What is the prophylaxis for bleeding from oesophageal varices?

Answer 20

1) non-selective-b-blockade (propranolol)

2) repeat endoscopic banded ligation