Cardiology Chapter 2

Question 1

Which pathogen causes Rheumatic Fever>

Answer 1

b-hemolytic streptococci - triggers 2-4wks after strep throat

Question 2

Name 1 of the major Jones criteria

Answer 2

Subcutaneous nodules, Carditis, arthtitis

Question 3

The prognosis for RF?

Answer 3

60% with carditis develop chr. RHD

Question 4

which valve? an elderly person with chest pain, exertional dyspnoea/syncope.

Answer 4

Presentation of aortic stenosis

classic triad: angina, syncope, HF

Question 5

Which valve disease causes slow rising pulse with narrow pulse pressure

Answer 5

aortic stenosis

Question 6

What causes aortic regurgitation in the acute phase?

Answer 6

Acute: inf. endocarditis, ascending aortic dissection, chest trauma

Question 7

Causes of pulmonary stenosis>

Answer 7

Usually congenital - turner’s, noonan’s, william’s, TOF

Question 8

Symptoms and signs of pulm. stenosis

Answer 8

dyspnoea, fatigue, oedema, ascites

mild: ejection systolic click

Question 9

What valvular disease is associated with carcinoid syndrome

Answer 9

Tricuspid regurgitation

Question 10

cardiac manifestations of marfans

Answer 10

mitral valve prolapse, AR, aortic dissection.

Question 11

cardiac manifestations of Ehler-Danlos

Answer 11

mitral valve prolapse + hyperelastic skin +/- aneurysms + /gi Bleeds

Question 12

Fever and new murmur

Answer 12

endocarditis until proven otherwise

Question 13

What does the acute px of IE look like

Answer 13

50% of all endo. is on normal valves. with acute HF +/- emboli. Chief organism: s.aureus

Question 14

Which criteria are used for diagnosis of IE

Answer 14

Duke criteria

Question 15

which antibiotic is used for the blind therapy of a native valve

Answer 15

amox 2g/4h IVI =/- genta 1mg/kg/12h IVI

Vanco + genta if penicilin allergy

Question 16

Name 3 signs of IE

Answer 16

splinter haemorrhage, janeway lesions, clubbing

Question 17

What’s the most common cause of acute myocarditis?

Answer 17

Idiopathic in 50%

Question 18

What HS can be heard in acute myoc.

Answer 18

Soft S1, S4 gallop.

Question 19

Define dilated cardiomyopathy

Answer 19

a dilated heart of unknown cause - viral , haemochromocytosis, pregnancy..

Question 20

What’s a poor prognosis factor for dil. cardiomyop.

Answer 20

dec. Na+

Question 21

common first presentation of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Answer 21

SUDDEN CARDIAC DEATH, ask about family history

Question 22

Poor prognostic factors at px:

Answer 22

age<14, syncope, fhx of sudden death

Question 23

Causes of restrictive cardiomyopathy:

Answer 23

idiopathic, amyloidosis, haemochromatosis, sarcoidosis, scleroderma, löffler’s eosinophilic endocarditis, endomyocardial fibrosis

Question 24

Name 3 viruses causing acute pericarditis

Answer 24

Coxsackie, flu, EBV

Question 25

What is a concave (saddle-shaped) ST segment a sign of?

Answer 25

acute pericarditis

Question 26

What does echo show for Pericardial effusion?

Answer 26

an echo-free zone surrounding the heart.

Question 27

What does constrictive endocarditis look like

Answer 27

RS HF with increased JVP

Question 28

What’s Beck’s triad?

Answer 28

falling BP, raising JVP, muffled HS -> Cardiac tamponade

Question 29

Congenital heart disease showing in adults (most common to least common)

Answer 29

bicuspid aortic valve, asd, vsd, coarctation of the aorta, pulmonary stenosis

Question 30

Complication of ASD and VSD>

Answer 30

Eisenmenger’s complex -> reversal of left to right shunt., causing cyanosis and HF

Question 31

Associations of coarctation:

Answer 31

bicuspid aortic valve, turner’s syndrome