GI - Abdominal wall muscles, spaces and organs Flashcards
External oblique
A - Contralateral rotation of torso
O -Ribs 5-12
I - Iliac crest and pubic tubercle
In - Thoracoabdominal and subcostal nerve
Internal oblique
A - Same side rotation of torso
O - Inguinal ligament, iliac crest
I - Ribs 10-12
In - Thoracoabdominal and subcostal nerve
Transverse abdominus
A - Compression of abdominal contents
O - Inguinal ligament, ribs 7-12, iliac crest
I - Xiphoid process, line alba, pubic crest
In - Thoracoabdominal and subcostal nerve + lumbar plexus branches
Rectus abdominus
A - Stabilises pelvis and compresses abdominal contents
O - Pubic crest
I - Xiphoid process and ribs 5-7
In - Thoracoabdominal nerves
Anterior wall made up of
- Aponeurosis of external oblique and half of internal oblique
Posterior wall made up of
- Half of internal oblique and transverse abdominus
Peritoneal cavity divisions
- Space between parietal and visceral peritoneum
Greater sac - divided by transverse meson colon to: supra colic and infra colic compartments which is then divided to the right and let colic spaces by the root of mesentery
Lesser sac
Mesentery?
- Organ that attaches the intestines to the posterior wall of the abdominal cavity and is formed by a double fold in the peritoneum
- Acts as a conduit for vessels, nerves and lymphatics (spider web)
Contents of the supra colic compartment
Spleen, liver and stomach
Contents of the infra colic compartment
Small intestine, ascending and descending colon
Divisions of the stomach
Cardia - opening from the lower oesophageal sphincter
Fundus - Most superior part
Body - main area
Pylorus - Most inferior, opening to the duodenum via the pyloric sphincter
Omentum
- Fold in peritoneum that connects the stomach to other abdominal organs (2 layers and so 4 membrane)
- Divides the peritoneal cavity into the greater and lesser sacs
Greater omentum origin and insertion
Greater curvature of the stomach to the transverse colon
Lesser omentum origin and insertion
Lesser curvature of the stomach to the liver
Sections of small intestine
- start, end, location
- Duodenum - beginning at after the pyloric sphincter -
Jejenum - beginning at the duodenojejenal flexure and located at the upper left quadrant
Ileum - Ending at ileoceacal junction and located at the lower right quadrant
Opening of the large intestine
- Cecum
- Separated from the ileum by the ileocecal valve
Small intestine function
- Absorption and digestion of food
Large intestine function
- Absorption of water and electrolytes
Colon path
Starts are the ileoceceal valve at cecum >
(ascending) moves superiorly till the right colic/hepatic flexure >
(transverse) moves across till the left colic or splenic flexure >
(descending) moves inferiorly - located anteriorly to the left kidney
Sigmoid colon - moves medially
liver ligaments
Falciforum ligament
Coronary ligament
triangular ligament
Falciforum ligament
- Anterior surface to the anterior abdominal wall
- separates main lobes
Coronary ligaments
- Superior surface of liver to inferior surface of diaphragm
- creates anterior and posterior folds
Triangular ligaments
Union of the anterior and posterior layers of the coronary ligament
- left attaches left lobe to diaphragm
- right attaches right lobe to the diaphragm
hepatic recess
Spaces between the liver and other organs where infections can accumulate
Subphrenic - Between diaphragm and anterior and superior aspect of liver
Subhepatic - between the inferior surface of the liver and the transverse colon
Portia hepatis
Door way to the liver containing: bile duct, hepatic portal vein and hepatic artery
Calot’s triangle
- Located at the porta hepatis of the liver
Borders
Medial - common hepatic duct
Superior - inferior surface of the liver
Inferior - cystic duct
Contents
- Right hepatic artery
- Cystic artery
- lymph node of gallbladder
Reteroperitoneal structures
Duodenum (2nd, 3rd, 4th), ascedning colon, descending colon, pancreas, kidneys, ureters, aorta, IVC
Intraperitoneal structures
Stomach, duodenum (1st), jejenum, illeum, transverse colon , sigmoid colon
