GI - Abdominal wall muscles, spaces and organs

Question 1

External oblique

Answer 1

A - Contralateral rotation of torso

O -Ribs 5-12

I - Iliac crest and pubic tubercle

In - Thoracoabdominal and subcostal nerve

Question 2

Internal oblique

Answer 2

A - Same side rotation of torso

O - Inguinal ligament, iliac crest

I - Ribs 10-12

In - Thoracoabdominal and subcostal nerve

Question 3

Transverse abdominus

Answer 3

A - Compression of abdominal contents

O - Inguinal ligament, ribs 7-12, iliac crest

I - Xiphoid process, line alba, pubic crest

In - Thoracoabdominal and subcostal nerve + lumbar plexus branches

Question 4

Rectus abdominus

Answer 4

A - Stabilises pelvis and compresses abdominal contents

O - Pubic crest

I - Xiphoid process and ribs 5-7

In - Thoracoabdominal nerves

Question 5

Anterior wall made up of

Answer 5

• Aponeurosis of external oblique and half of internal oblique

Question 6

Posterior wall made up of

Answer 6

• Half of internal oblique and transverse abdominus

Question 7

Peritoneal cavity divisions

Answer 7

• Space between parietal and visceral peritoneum

Greater sac - divided by transverse meson colon to: supra colic and infra colic compartments which is then divided to the right and let colic spaces by the root of mesentery

Lesser sac

Question 8

Mesentery?

Answer 8

• Organ that attaches the intestines to the posterior wall of the abdominal cavity and is formed by a double fold in the peritoneum
• Acts as a conduit for vessels, nerves and lymphatics (spider web)

Question 9

Contents of the supra colic compartment

Answer 9

Spleen, liver and stomach

Question 10

Contents of the infra colic compartment

Answer 10

Small intestine, ascending and descending colon

Question 11

Divisions of the stomach

Answer 11

Cardia - opening from the lower oesophageal sphincter

Fundus - Most superior part

Body - main area

Pylorus - Most inferior, opening to the duodenum via the pyloric sphincter

Question 12

Omentum

Answer 12

• Fold in peritoneum that connects the stomach to other abdominal organs (2 layers and so 4 membrane)
• Divides the peritoneal cavity into the greater and lesser sacs

Question 13

Greater omentum origin and insertion

Answer 13

Greater curvature of the stomach to the transverse colon

Question 14

Lesser omentum origin and insertion

Answer 14

Lesser curvature of the stomach to the liver

Question 15

Sections of small intestine
- start, end, location

Answer 15

• Duodenum - beginning at after the pyloric sphincter -

Jejenum - beginning at the duodenojejenal flexure and located at the upper left quadrant

Ileum - Ending at ileoceacal junction and located at the lower right quadrant

Question 16

Opening of the large intestine

Answer 16

• Cecum
• Separated from the ileum by the ileocecal valve

Question 17

Small intestine function

Answer 17

• Absorption and digestion of food

Question 18

Large intestine function

Answer 18

• Absorption of water and electrolytes

Question 19

Colon path

Answer 19

Starts are the ileoceceal valve at cecum >
(ascending) moves superiorly till the right colic/hepatic flexure >
(transverse) moves across till the left colic or splenic flexure >
(descending) moves inferiorly - located anteriorly to the left kidney
Sigmoid colon - moves medially

Question 20

liver ligaments

Answer 20

Falciforum ligament
Coronary ligament
triangular ligament

Question 21

Falciforum ligament

Answer 21

• Anterior surface to the anterior abdominal wall
• separates main lobes

Question 22

Coronary ligaments

Answer 22

• Superior surface of liver to inferior surface of diaphragm
• creates anterior and posterior folds

Question 23

Triangular ligaments

Answer 23

Union of the anterior and posterior layers of the coronary ligament

• left attaches left lobe to diaphragm
• right attaches right lobe to the diaphragm

Question 24

hepatic recess

Answer 24

Spaces between the liver and other organs where infections can accumulate

Subphrenic - Between diaphragm and anterior and superior aspect of liver
Subhepatic - between the inferior surface of the liver and the transverse colon

Question 25

Portia hepatis

Answer 25

Door way to the liver containing: bile duct, hepatic portal vein and hepatic artery

Question 26

Calot’s triangle

Answer 26

• Located at the porta hepatis of the liver

Borders
Medial - common hepatic duct
Superior - inferior surface of the liver
Inferior - cystic duct

Contents
- Right hepatic artery
- Cystic artery
- lymph node of gallbladder

Question 27

Reteroperitoneal structures

Answer 27

Duodenum (2nd, 3rd, 4th), ascedning colon, descending colon, pancreas, kidneys, ureters, aorta, IVC

Question 28

Intraperitoneal structures

Answer 28

Stomach, duodenum (1st), jejenum, illeum, transverse colon , sigmoid colon