GI

Question 1

Name 3 functions of the abdomen

Answer 1

1. Protect and house major organs
2. Assist in breathing
3. Assist in bodily functions

Question 2

Describe the anterior border of the abdominal cavity

Answer 2

3 flat muscles:

1. External oblique
2. Internal oblique
3. Transversus abdominus

Two vertical muscles:

1. Rectus abdominus
2. Pyramidalis (sometimes absent)

Ribs

Question 3

What is the superior border of the abdominal cavity?

Answer 3

Diaphragm

Question 4

What is the inferior border of the abdominal cavity?

Answer 4

Pelvic inlet

Question 5

Describe the location of the external obliques

Answer 5

From lower 8 ribs to iliac crest and aponeurosis

Question 6

Describe the location of the internal obliques

Answer 6

From the inferior border of the lower 3 ribs to fascia, iliac crest, lateral part of inguinal ligament and aponeurosis

Question 7

Describe the location of the transverses abdominus

Answer 7

From the costal cartilage of the lower 6 ribs, the iliac crest, lateral part of inguinal ligament to the aponeurosis, pub crest and pectineal line

Question 8

Where is the arcuate line?

Answer 8

3/4 of the way down the abdomen

Question 9

What is the arcuate line?

Answer 9

The point where all the abdominal anterior wall muscles move on top of the rectus sheath

Question 10

What is the principal blood supply to the anterior abdominal wall muscles?

Answer 10

Superior epigastric artery (from internal thoracic artery)

Inferior epigastric artery (from external iliac artery)

Question 11

Which spinal nerves innervate the anterior abdominal wall muscles?

Answer 11

T7-L1

Question 12

Describe the posterior borders of the abdominal cavity

Answer 12

3 muscles:

1. Quadratus lumborum
2. Psoas major & minor
3. Iliacus

Vertebral bodies

Question 13

Describe the inguinal region

Answer 13

The area between the anterior abdominal wall and the thigh

Question 14

What structure does the descent of the testes form?

Answer 14

Inguinal canal

Question 15

Where does the inguinal canal start and end?

Answer 15

Deep inguinal ring (in tranversalis fascia)

Superficial inguinal ring (in aponeurosis of external oblique)

Question 16

Name the contents of the spermatic cord

Answer 16

Pampiniform plexus of veins
Ductus deferens
Artery to ductus deferens
Genital branch of genitofemoral nerve
Testicular artery
Sympathetic nerves
Lymphatic vessels
Remnants of process vaginalis

Question 17

What structure does the external oblique aponeurosis become in the spermatic cord?

Answer 17

External spermatic fascia

Question 18

What structure does the internal oblique fascia become in the spermatic cord?

Answer 18

Cremastic fascia

Question 19

What structure do the internal obliques become in the spermatic cord?

Answer 19

Cremastic muscle

Question 20

What structure does the transversalis fascia become in the spermatic cord?

Answer 20

Internal spermatic fascia

Question 21

Define an inguinal hernia

Answer 21

A protrusion of a peritoneal sac through a weakened area of the abdominal wall into the inguinal canal (with or without abdominal contents)

Question 22

Describe an indirect inguinal hernia

Answer 22

Herniation through the inguinal canal, lateral to the blood vessels

Question 23

Describe a direct inguinal hernia

Answer 23

Herniation through the posterior wall of the inguinal canal, medial to the blood vessels

Question 24

What is the name of the ‘neck’ which divides the greater and lesser abdominal sacs?

Answer 24

Epiploic foramen

Question 25

Which abdominal organs are retroperitoneal?

Answer 25

``` Ascending Colon Descending Colon Rectum Kidneys Pancreas Duodenum ```

Question 26

Which abdominal organs are on a mesentery?

Answer 26

Small intestine Transverse colon Sigmoid colon

Question 27

Define an omenta

Answer 27

Double folds of peritoneum passing from the stomach and duodenum to other organs or the body wall

Question 28

Define an abdominal ligament

Answer 28

Varied double layers of peritoneum which span between two organs or an organ and a body wall