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Year 4 > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Name 5 ligaments which stabilise the glenohumeral joint

A
  1. Transverse humeral ligament
  2. Coracohumeral ligament
  3. Superior glenohumeral ligament
  4. Middle glenohumeral ligament
  5. Inferior glenohumeral ligament
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2
Q

Name 3 ligaments which support the sternoclavicular joint

A
  1. Interclavicular ligament
  2. Anterior sternoclavicular ligament
  3. Costoclavicular ligament
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3
Q

Name 2 ligaments which support the acromioclavicular joint

A
  1. Acromioclavicular ligament

2. Coracoclavicular ligament (made of conoid ligament and trapezoid ligament)

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4
Q

Describe the walls of the axilla

A

Anterior: Pectoris major and pectoris minor, clavipectoral fascia
Lateral: intertubular sulcus
Medial: Thoracic wall, serrates anterior
Posterior: Subscapularis, latissmus dorsi, teres minor
Floor: armpit skin

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5
Q

Describe trapezius

A

Origin: superior nuchal line, ligamentum nuchae, C7-C12

Insertion: Spine of scapula, accordion, lateral 1/3 of clavicle

Actions:
superior 1/3rd –> scapula elevation
middle 1/3rd –> scapula retraction
inferior 1/3rd –> scapula depression

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6
Q

Describe Deltoid

A

Origin: Spine of scapula, lateral acromion and lateral 1/3rd of clavicle

Insertion: deltoid tuberosity of humerus

Actions:
anterior 1/3rd –> medial rotation, shoulder flexion
middle 1/3rd –> abduction
posterior 1/3rd –> adduction, lateral rotation

Innervation: axillary nerve

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7
Q

Describe levator scapulae

A

Origin: transverse processes of C1-C4

Insertion: Posterior medial border of scapula

Action: scapula elevation

Innervation: branches of anterior rami and dorsal scapula nerve

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8
Q

Describe Rhomboid major

A

Origin: Spinous process of T2-T5

Insertion: Medial border of scapula

Action: scapula elevation and retraction

Innervation: dorsal scapula nerve

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9
Q

Describe Rhomboid minor

A

Origin: Spinous process of C7-T1

Insertion: Medial border of scapula

Action: scapula elevation and retraction

Innervation: dorsal scapula nerve

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10
Q

Describe latissimus dorsi

A

Origin: Spinous processes of T6-L5, lower 3/4 ribs

Insertion: Intertubercular sulcus

Action: Adduction, medial rotation and extension

Innervation: Thoracodorsal nerve

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11
Q

Describe teres major

A

Origin: posterior surface of inferior angle of the scapula

Insertion: Intertubercular sulcus

Action: Medial rotation and extension

Innervation: Lower sub scapular nerve

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12
Q

Which 4 muscles make up the rotator cuff?

A

Teres minor
Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Subscapularis

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13
Q

Which muscle tendon is involved in impingement syndrome?

A

Supraspinatus

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14
Q

Describe supraspinatus

A

Origin: Supraspinatus fossa

Insertion: Greater tubercle of humerus

Action: Initiation of 15o of abduction

Innervation: Suprascapular nerve

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15
Q

Describe infraspinatus

A

Origin: Infraspinatus fossa

Insertion: Greater tubercle of humerus

Action: External rotation

Innervation: Suprascapular nerve

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16
Q

Describe teres minor

A

Origin: Posterior surface of scapula, just next to the lateral border

Insertion: Posterior surface of greater tubercle of humerus

Action: External rotation

Innervation: Axillary nerve

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17
Q

Which 2 muscles are innervated by the axillary nerve?

A

1) Deltoid

2) Teres minor

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18
Q

Name 3 muscles which insert on to the greater tubercle of the humerus

A

1) Supraspinatus
2) Infraspinatus
3) Teres minor (posterior side)

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19
Q

Describe subscapularis

A

Origin: Subscapular fossa

Insertion: Lesser tubercle of humerus

Action: Internal rotation

Innervation: Subscapular nerve

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20
Q

Describe triceps brachii

A

Origin:
long head: infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula
other heads: posterior humerus

Insertion: olecranon process of ulna

Action: Elbow extension, shoulder adduction and extension

Innervation: Radial nerve

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21
Q

Describe biceps brachii

A

Origin:
long head: supraglenoid tubercles
short head: tip of coronoid process

Insertion: radial tuberosity

Action: elbox flexion, supination, shoulder flexion

Innervation: musculocutaenous nerve

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22
Q

What injury is commonly associated with a fracture of the surgical neck of the humerus?

A

Axillary nerve damage

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23
Q

Which injury commonly causes axillary nerve damage?

A

Fracture of the surgical neck of the humerus

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24
Q

What clinical sign is associated with radial nerve damage?

A

Wrist drop

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25
Q

Which clinical sign is associated with ulnar nerve damage?

A

Ulnar claw

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26
Q

Which nerve is in association with the radial/spiral groove of the humerus?

A

Radial nerve

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27
Q

Which nerve is in association with the medial epicondyle of the humerus?

A

Ulnar nerve

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28
Q

When does the subclavian artery become the axillary artery?

A

The lateral border of the 1st rib

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29
Q

When does the axillary artery become the brachial artery?

A

Inferior border of teres minor

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30
Q

When does the brachial artery divide into the radial and ulnar artery?

A

Radial neck

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31
Q

Describe coracobrachialis

A

Origin: Apex of coronoid process

Insertion: medial humerus

Action: Shoulder flexion and adduction

Innervation: Musculocutaenous nerve

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32
Q

Describe brachialis

A

Origin: Anterior humerus

Insertion: Ulnar tuberosity

Action: Elbow flexion

Innervation: Musculocutaenous nerve

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33
Q

Descibre Pectoralis major

A

Origin:
Clavicular head: medial half of clavicle
Sternocostal head: sternum, first 7 costal cartilages, sternal end of 6th rib

Insertion: Intertubercular sulcus of humerus

Action: Shoulder flexion, adduction, medial rotation

Innervation: medial and lateral pectoral nerves

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34
Q

Describe pectoralis minor

A

Origin: Ribs 3-5

Insertion: Coronoid process

Action: Scapula protraction, pulls tip of shoulder down

Innervation: medial pectoral nerve

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35
Q

Describe subclavius

A

Origin: Rib 1

Insertion: Inferior surface of clavicle

Action: Pulls shoulder down and pulls clavicle medially

Innervation: Subclavius nerve

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36
Q

Describe serratus anterior

A

Origin: Lateral surface of ribs 1-9

Insertion: Costal surface of medial surface of scapula

Actions: Scapula protraction and retraction

Innervation: Long thoracic nerve

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37
Q

Name 4 structures which stabilise the elbow joint

A
  1. Joint capsule
  2. Radial collateral ligament
  3. Ulnar collateral ligament
  4. Annular ligament
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38
Q

Name 3 muscles which insert at the intertubercular sulcus of the humerus?

A
  1. Latissimus dorsi
  2. Teres major
  3. Pectoralis major
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39
Q

Name the 3 trunks of the brachial plexus

A

Superior
Middle
Inferior

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40
Q

Name the 3 cords of the brachial plexus

A

Lateral
Middle
Medial

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41
Q

Describe pronator teres

A

Origin: medial epicondyle of humerus

Insertion: Midshaft radius

Action: Pronation

Innervation: Median nerve

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42
Q

Describe flexor carpi radialis

A

Origin: medial epicondyle of humerus

Insertion: Base of metacarpal 2 and 3

Action: Flexion and abduction

Innervation: Median nerve

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43
Q

Describe palmaris longus

A

Origin: Medial epicondyle of humerus

Insertion: Palmar aponeurosis

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44
Q

Describe flexor carpi ulnaris

A

Origin:

1) medial epicondyle of humerus
2) Olecranon and posterior border of ulna

Action: Flexion and abduction

Innervation: Ulnar nerve

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45
Q

Name 5 muscles which originate at the medial epicondyle of the humerus?

A

1) Pronator teres
2) Flexor carpi radialis
3) Palmaris longus
4) Flexor capri ulnaris
5) Flexor digitorum superficialis

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46
Q

Which muscles in the anterior compartment of the forearm are NOT innervated by the median nerve?

A

1) Flexor carpi ulnaris –> ulnar nerve

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47
Q

Describe flexor digitorum superficialis

A

Origin:

1) Medial epicondyle
2) Ulnar coronoid process
3) Oblique line of radius

Insertion: Palmar surface, phalanges 2-5

Action: Flexion of elbow, first and fingers

Innervation: Median nerve

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48
Q

Describe flexor pollicus longus

A

Origin: Anterior surface of radius and interosseous membrane

Insertion: base of 1st phalanx

Action: Flexion of wrist and thumb

Innervation: Median nerve

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49
Q

Describe flexor digitorum profundus

A

Origin: Proximal 3/4 anterior and medial ulnar and interosseous membrane

Insertion: Palmar surface of distal phalanges 2-5

Action: Flexion of wrist and fingers

Innervation: Lateral 2 innervated by median nerve, medial 2 innervated by ulnar nerve

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50
Q

Describe pronator quadratus

A

Origin: anterior surface of distal ulnar

Insertion: Anterior surface of distal radius

Action: prontation

Innervation: median nerve

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51
Q

Describe brachioradialis

A

Origin: lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus

Insertion: Lateral aspect of distal radius

Action: Flexion in mid-pronation, pronation and supination

Innervation: Radial nerve

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52
Q

Describe extensor carpi radialis longus

A

Origin: lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus

Insertion: Base of 2nd metacarpal

Action: Extension and abduction

Innervation: radial nerve

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53
Q

Describe extensor carpi radialis brevis

A

Origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus

Insertion: Base of 3rd metacarpal

Innervation: radial nerve

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54
Q

Describe extensor digitorum

A

Origin: Lateral epicondyle of humerus

Insertion: Dorsal digital expansions of digits 2-5

Action: Extension of wrist and fingers

Innervation: radial nerve

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55
Q

Describe extensor carpi ulnaris

A

Origin: lateral epicondyle and posterior ulna

Insertion: Base of 5th metacarpal

Action: Extension and abduction

Innervation: radial nerve

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56
Q

Describe extensor digiti minimi

A

Origin: lateral epicondyle

Insertion: Dorsal digital expansion of digit 5

Action: extension of 5th finger

Innervation: radial nerve

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57
Q

Describe supinator

A

Origin: Lateral epicondyle and ulnar supinator crest

Insertion: Proximal 1/3rd radius

Action: supination

Innervation: Radial nerve

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58
Q

Describe abductor pollicus longus

A

Origin: Middle 1/3rd radius, ulna and interosseous membrane

Insertion: Base of 1st metacarpal

Action: Thumb abduction

Innervation: Radial nerve

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59
Q

Describe extensor pollicus longus

A

Origin: Middle 1/3rd ulnar and interosseous membrane

Insertion: Base of distal 1st phalanx

Action: Thumb extension

Innervation: Radial nerve

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60
Q

Describe extensor pollicus brevis

A

Origin: Distal 1/2 radius and interosseous membrane

Insertion: Base of proximal 1st phalanx

Action: thumb extension

Innervation: radial nerve

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61
Q

Describe extensor indices

A

Origin: Distal 1/2 of ulna and interosseous membrane

Insertion: Dorsal digital expansion of digit 2

Action: extension of 2nd MCPJ, PIP and DIP

Innervation: radial nerve

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62
Q

Name muscles which originate at the lateral epicondyle/supracondylar ridge of the humerus (5, 2)

A

Lateral epicondyle:

1) Extensor carpi radialis brevis
2) Extensor digitorum
3) Extensor carpi ulnaris
4) Extensor digit minimi
5) Supinator

Lateral supracondylar ridge

1) Brachioradialis
2) Extensor carpi radialis longus

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63
Q

Name 4 structures carried in the carpal tunnel

A

1) 4 tendons of flexor digitorum superficialis
2) 4 tendons of flexor digitorum proudness
3) Flexor pollicus longus
4) Median nerve

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64
Q

Name the borders of the anatomical snuffbox

A

Lateral:

1) Abductor pollicus longus
2) Extensor pollicus brevis

Medial:
3) Extensor pollicus longus

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65
Q

Name two important vessels which pass through the anatomical snuffbox

A

1) Radial artery

2) Cephalic vein

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66
Q

Name 4 bony landmarks which can be palpated in the anatomical snuffbox

A

1) Scaphoid
2) Trapezoid
3) Radial styloid process
4) 1st metacarpal head

67
Q

What structure would you be worried about in a patient who had a fall on out-stretched hands?

A

Radial artery –> scaphoid injuries are common in this type of fall, and the radial artery can be damaged and lead to avascular necrosis

68
Q

Name the floor and roof of the carpal tunnel

A

Floor: carpal bones
Roof: flexor retinaculum

69
Q

Name the 3 muscles which make up the thenar eminence

A

1) Opponens pollicus
2) Abductor pollicus brevis
3) Flexor pollicus brevis

70
Q

Which nerve innervates the thenar eminence?

A

Median nerve

71
Q

Name the 3 muscles which make up the hypothenar eminence

A

1) Opponens digit minimi
2) Abductor digiti minimi
3) Flexor digiti minimi

72
Q

Which nerve innervates the hypothenar eminence?

A

Ulnar nerve

73
Q

Describe palmaris brevis

A

A small muscle which overlies the hypothenar eminence

74
Q

Describe the lumbricals

A

4 muscles
Origin: sides of metacarpals 2-5

Insertion: Tendons of flexor digitorum profundus

Innervation: Medial/ulnar nerve

75
Q

Describe Adductor pollicus

A

Origin: 3rd metacarpal

Insertion: 1st phalanx

76
Q

Describe the interossei muscles

A

4 dorsal, 3 or 4 palmar

Origin: between adjacent metacarpals

Insertion: proximal phalanges

Innervation: ulnar nerve

77
Q

The radial artery passes between the two heads of ??? to form the deep palmar arch

A

Adductor pollicus

78
Q

Which artery passes between the two heads of adductor policcus to form the deep palmar arch?

A

Radial artery

79
Q

What compartment does the median nerve supply?

A

Anterior forearm EXCEPT the medial 1 or 2 tendons of flexor digitorum proudness and the whole of flexor carpi ulnaris

80
Q

Which compartment does the radial nerve supply?

A

Posterior arm and forearm

81
Q

Which compartment does the ulnar nerve supply?

A

Hand EXCEPT thenar eminence and lateral 2 tendons of flexor digitorum profundus

82
Q

Which compartment does the musculocutaenous nerve supply?

A

Anterior upper arm

83
Q

Which muscles does the axillary nerve supply?

A

Deltoid

Teres minor

84
Q

Which action does the palmar interossei allow?

85
Q

Which action does the dorsal interossei allow?

86
Q

When does cervical lordosis arise?

A

When a baby starts holding their own head upright

87
Q

When does lumbar lordosis arise?

A

When a baby starts to develop a bipedal gait

88
Q

Name 2 functions of intervertebral discs

A

1) Provide shock absorption

2) Increase column height

89
Q

List a property specific to the atlas bone (C1)

A

No vertebral body

90
Q

List a property specific to the axis bone (C2)

A

Odontoid peg/Dens

91
Q

List 4 properties specific to the cervical vertebrae

A

1) Bifed spinous processe
2) Oval, flat vertebral body
3) Foramina transversium
4) Uncinate process on superior surface of vertebral body

92
Q

What structure passes through the foramina transversium

A

Vertebral artery

93
Q

List 4 properties specific to the thoracic vertebrae

A

1) Heart-shaped vertebral body
2) Angled spinous process
3) Costal facets and demi-facets on vertebral body
4) Transverse costal facets on transverse process

94
Q

List 4 properties specific to the lumbar vertebrae

A

1) Large, kidney-shaped vertebral body
2) Broad, quadrilateral spinous process
3) Narrow projecting transverse processes
4) No additional facets

95
Q

What structure do the superior and inferior vertebral notch form?

A

Intervertebral foramen

96
Q

Which structure exits through the intervertebral foramen

A

Spinal nerves

97
Q

What movements are possible in the cervical vertebral region?

A 
Flexion
Extension
Rotation
Lateral flexion
Lateral extension
98
Q

What movements are possible in the thoracic vertebral region?

99
Q

What movements are possible in the lumbar vertebral region?

A

Flexion
Extension
Lateral flexion
Lateral extension

100
Q

What movement occurs at the joint between the atlas and occipital condyles?

A

Neck flexion and extension

101
Q

What movement occurs at the joint between the atlas and the axis

A

Neck rotation

102
Q

What ligament holds he odontoid peg into the arch of the atlas

A

Transverse ligament of the atlas

103
Q

Why is the transverse ligament of the atlas considered one of the most important ligaments in the body?

A

It prevents anterior dislocation of the atlas which would result in C1 cord compression

104
Q

Describe the position of the external ligaments of the hip

A

Spiral round joint margin from acetabular margin and surrounding bone to insert into femur

105
Q

When is the hip weakest?

A

During flexion and medial rotation - the ligaments tighten by twisting during extension, so flexion is weak

106
Q

Describe iliofemoral ligament

A

Runs from anterior inferior iliac spine and acetabular margin to intertrochanteric line

107
Q

Describe pubofemoral ligament

A

Runs from anterior surface of pubic bone to the posterior neck of femur

108
Q

Describe ischiofemoral ligament

A

Runs from ischium to inner aspect of intertrochanteric crest

109
Q

Name the 3 external ligaments of the hip

A

1) Iliofemoral
2) Ischiofemoral
3) Pubofemoral

110
Q

Name the 3 internal ligaments of the hip

A

1) Transverse acetabular ligament
2) Acetabular labrum
3) Ligamentum teres

111
Q

Describe transverse acetabular ligament

A

Bridges the acetabular notch

112
Q

Describe the acetabular labrum

A

Wedge-shaped cartilaginous structure which blends with the transfer acetabular ligament

113
Q

Describe the ligamentum teres

A

Thick cord-like ligament which runs from the acetabulum and transverse acetabular ligament to the fovea capitits. This is an embryological structures which carries the artery of the head of the femur

114
Q

Describe gluteus maximus

A

Origin: posterior gluteal line and surrounding tissue

Insertion: Iliotibial band and gluteal tuberosity

Action: Hip extension

Innervation: Inferior gluteal nerve

115
Q

Describe gluteus medius

A

Origin: Between anterior and posterior gluteal line

Insertion: Greater trochanter

Action: Hip abduction, medial rotation

Innervation: Superior gluteal nerve

116
Q

Describe gluteus minimus

A

Origin: Between anterior and inferior gluteal line

Insertion: Greater trochanter

Action: Hip abduction, medial rotation

Innervation: Superior gluteal nerve

117
Q

Describe piriformis

A

Origin: Anterior surface of sacrum

Insertion: Greater trochanter

Action: Lateral rotation

118
Q

Name 3 muscles which insert onto the greater trochanter

A

1) Gluteus medius
2) Gluteus minimus
3) Piriformis

119
Q

Describe iliopsoas

A

Origin: L1-5 vertebral bodies, transverse processes and iliac crest

Insertion: Lesser trochanter

Action: Hip flexion

Innervation: Femoral nerve

120
Q

Describe rectus femoris

A

Origin: Anterior inferior iliac spine and ilium

Insertion: Tibial tuberosity

Action: Hip flexion

Innervation: Femoral nerve

121
Q

Describe vastus medialis

A

Origin: linea aspera

Action: Knee extension

Innervation: Femoral nerve

122
Q

Describe vastus intermedius

A

Origin: linea aspera

Action: Knee extension

Innervation: femoral nerve

123
Q

Describe vastus lateralis

A

Origin: linea aspera

Action: Knee extension

Innervation: femoral nerve

124
Q

Name 3 muscles which originate at the linea aspera

A

1) Vastus medialis
2) Vastus intermedius
3) Vastus lateralis

125
Q

Describe sartorius

A

Origin: Anterior superior iliac spine

Insertion: medial surface of tibia

Action: hip flexion, knee flexion

Innervation: Femoral nerve

126
Q

Describe pectineus

A

Origin: pectineal line

Insertion: Medial aspect of proximal femur

Action: Adduction

Innervation: femoral nerve

127
Q

What 4 muscles make up the quadriceps?

A

1) Rectus femoris
2) Vastus medialis
3) Vastus intermedius
4) Vastus lateralis

128
Q

Describe biceps femoris

A

Origin:
Long head: Ischial tuberosity
Short head: distal 1/3rd linea aspera

Insertion: Head of fibula

Action: Hip extension, knee flexion

Innervation: Sciatic nerve

129
Q

What nerve provides all motor innervation to the leg?

A

Sciatic nerve

130
Q

Describe semimembranosus

A

Origin: Ischial tuberosity

Insertion: Posterior aspect of medial tibial condyle

Action: Hip extension, knee flexion

Innervation: Sciatic nerve

131
Q

Describe semitendinosus

A

Origin: Ischial tuberosity

Insertion: Medial aspect of proximal tibia

Action: Hip extension, knee flexion

Innervation: Sciatic nerve

132
Q

Describe adductor longus

A

Origin: body of pubis

Insertion: Middle 1/3 linea aspera

Action: Adduction, hip flexion

Innervation: Obturator nerve

133
Q

Describe adductor brevis

A

Origin: Anterior surface of ischiopubic ramus

Insertion: Lesser trochanter and proximal 1/3 linea aspera

Action: Adduction and hip flexion

Innervation: Obturator nerve

134
Q

Describe adductor magnus

A

Origin: Ischiopubic ramus and ischial tuberosity

Insertion: Linea aspera and adductor tubercle

Action: Adduction and hip flexion

Innervation: Obturator nerve

135
Q

Describe gracilis

A

Origin: Ischiopubic ramus and pubic body

Insertion: Medial surface of proximal tibia

Action: Adduction

Innervation: Obturator

136
Q

Name the 3 muscles which make up the hamstrings

A

1) Biceps femoris
2) Semimembranous
3) Semitendinosus

137
Q

Name the borders of the femoral triangle

A

Superior: inguinal ligament
Medial: adductor longus
Lateral: Sartorius

138
Q

Name 3 structures passing through the femoral triangle

A

Femoral nerve
Femoral artery
Femoral vein

139
Q

Name 5 superficial structures which support the knee

A

1) Quadriceps tendon
2) Patellar tendon
3) Medial collateral ligament
4) Lateral collateral ligament
5) Oblique popliteal ligament

140
Q

Name 3 deep structures which support the knee

A

1a) Anterior cruciate ligament
1b) Posterior cruciate ligament
2a) Medial meniscus
2b) Lateral meniscus
3) Transverse ligament of the knee

141
Q

Name the Unhappy Triad of the Knee

A

1) ACL
2) Medial meniscus
3) Medial collateral ligament

142
Q

Name 4 structures which pass through the politeal fossa

A

Popliteal artery
Popliteal vein
Tibial nerve
Common peroneal nerve

143
Q

When does the external iliac artery become the femoral artery?

A

Inguinal ligament

144
Q

When does the femoral artery become the popliteal artery?

A

Adductor hiatus

145
Q

Describe tibialis anterior

A

Origin: Lateral condyle and proximal 1/3 diaphysis

Insertion: Medial cuneiform and metatarsal 1

Action: dorsiflexion and inversion

Innervation: Deep peroneal nerve

146
Q

Describe extensor digitorum longus

A

Origin: Lateral condyle and proximal fibula

Insertion: Middle and distal phalanges 2-5

Action: Dorsiflexion

Innervation: Deep peroneal nerve

147
Q

Describe extensor hallicus longus

A

Origin: Middle 1/3 fibula and interosseous membrane

Insertion: Dorsal surface of metatarsal 5

Action: Dorsiflexion, weak inversion

Innervation: Deep peroneal nerve

148
Q

Describe peroneus tertius

A

Origin: Distal 1/3 fibula

Insertion: Dorsal surface of metatarsal 5

Action: Dorsiflexion, eversion

Innervation: deep peroneal nerve

149
Q

What clinical sign is linked to the loss of the common peroneal or deep peroneal nerve?

150
Q

Describe gastrocnemius

A

Origin: Medial and lateral supracondylar ridge

Insertion: Calcaneal tuber (via Achilles tendon)

Action: Plantarflexion, knee flexion

Innervation: Tibial nerve

151
Q

Describe soleus

A

Origin: Fibula head and neck, solid line

Insertion: Calcaneal tuber (via Achilles tendon)

Action: Plantarflexion

Innervation: Tibial nerve

152
Q

Describe plantaris

A

Origin: Lateral supracondylar ridge

Insertion: Calcaneal tuber (via Achilles tendon)

Action: Plantarflexion, knee flexion

Innervation: Tibial nerve

153
Q

Describe tibialis posterior

A

Origin: Posterior aspect of tibia and fibula

Insertion: Navicular and medial cuneiform

Action: Plantarflexion, inversion

Innervation: Tibial nerve

154
Q

Describe flexor digitorum longus

A

Origin: Middle 1/3 posterior tibia

Insertion: Base of distal phalanges 2-5

Action: Plantarflexion

Innervation: Tibial nerve

155
Q

Describe flexor hallicus longus

A

Origin: 2/3rd distal fibula

Insertion: Base of 1st distal phalanx

Action: Plantarflexion

Innervation: Tibial nerve

156
Q

Describe popliteus

A

Origin: Lateral condyle of femur

Insertion: Posterior tibia

Action: ‘Unlocks’ knee - medial rotation of tibia and lateral rotation of femur

Innervation: Tibial nerve

157
Q

Describe peroneus longus

A

Origin: Lateral surface of proximal fibula

Insertion: Medial cuneiform and base of metatarsal 1

Action: Eversion

Innervation: Superficial peroneal nerve

158
Q

Describe peroneus brevis

A

Origin: Lateral surface of distal fibula

Insertion: Base of metatarsal 5

Action: Eversion

Innervation: Superficial peroneal nerve

159
Q

What movements are possible at the talocrural joint?

A

Plantarflexion and Dorsiflexion

160
Q

What movements are possible at the subtalar and transverse tarsal joints?

A

Inversion and eversion

161
Q

What nerve innervates the dorsum of the foot?

A

Deep peroneal nerve

162
Q

What nerve innervates the plantar layers of the foot?

A

Medial and lateral plantar nerves

163
Q

Name 6 structures which pass through the tarsal tunnel

A

1) Tibialis posterior
2) Flexor digitorum longus
3) Posterior tibial artery
4) Posterior tibial vein
5) Tibial nerve
6) Flexor hallicus longus

Year 4 (11 decks)

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