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Digestion > GI 4C- Large intestine > Flashcards

GI 4C- Large intestine Flashcards

1
Q

Fibers of the large intestines external muscular layer are collected into longitudinal bands called____

A

teniae coli

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2
Q

Formation of outpouchings between teniae

A

haustra

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3
Q

The mucosa of the large intestines lacks

A

villi

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4
Q

Parts that compose the colon

A

cecum, ascending colon, hepatic flexure, transverse colon, splenic flexure, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum

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5
Q

Absorptive, Goblet, Endocrine and regenerative cells compose the______ in the intestines

A

Crypts of Lieberkuhn

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6
Q

Basic functions of the large intestines

A

Propulsion and storage of unabsorbed material, home to flora, absorb water and electrolytes, defecation

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7
Q

How many species of bacteria are found in the large intestines?

A

500

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8
Q

Established roles of intestinal flora include:

A
  1. Fermentation of undigestible dietary fiber to generate fatty acids 2. Create environment inhospitable to pathogens 3. metabolism of various compounds 4. Creation of Vitamin K, B12 and folic acid
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9
Q

What is the pH of poo

A

5.0-7.0

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10
Q

Diarrhea is caused by 4 distinct mechanisms:

A
  1. increased osmotic load 2. increased secretion 3. inflammation 4. decreased absorption time
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11
Q

This occurs when unabsorbable, water-soluble solutes remain in the bowel, where they retain water

A

osmotic diarrhea

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12
Q

What can cause osmotic diarrhea

A

sugar intolerance, poorly absorbed salts, certain fruits

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13
Q

This occurs when the small and large bowel secrete more electrolytes and water than they absorb

A

secretory diarrhea

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14
Q

What can cause secretory diarrhea

A

bacterial toxins, enteropathogenic viruses, bile acids, unabsorbed dietary fat

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15
Q

This occurs with several mucosal diseases that cause mucosal inflammation, ulceration or tumefaction. This results in increased fecal bulk and fluid content

A

exudative diarrhea

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16
Q

decreased absorption time

A

When chyme is not in contact with an adequate absorptive surface of the GI tract so that too much water remains in the feces

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17
Q

What happens when your best friend puts too much exlax in your drink?

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18
Q

Common causes of constipation

A

failure to poop when prompted, poor fiber, poor hydration, weak abdominal muscles, pregnancy, hemorrhoids

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19
Q

Which drugs cause constipation

A

opiates, anti-cholinergic agents, calcium channel blockers, diuretics, iron supplements, antacids

20
Q

GI disorder characterized by a variable combination of chronic and recurrent intestinal symptoms

A

irritable bowl syndrome

21
Q

What is the hallmark of IBS

A

abdominal pain relieved by defection and a change in consistency or frequency of stools

22
Q

What is believed to cause IBS

A

dysregulation of intestinal motor and sensory functions modulated by the CNS

23
Q

Where can the cobble stone appearing mucosa appear

A

Intestines and mouth

24
Q

What do flatulence of a patient with IBS sound like

25
Q

Inflammatory bowl disease is used to designate two related inflammatory intestinal disorders _____ and ______

A

Crohn disease and ulcerative colitis

26
Q

What are the similarities between Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis

A

produce inflammation of the bowel, lack confirming evidence of a proven causative agent, can be accompanied by systemic manifestations

27
Q

Crohn disease has _____ lesions

A

Skip lesions

28
Q

A condition in which the mucosal layer of the colon herniates through the muscularis layer from high intraluminal pressure

A

diverticulosis

29
Q

What is trapped in the colon for patients with diverticulosis

A

diverticula

30
Q

Diverticulitis

A

inflammed diverticula

31
Q

Diverticulitis most common symptoms

A

lower LEFT quadrant pain, nausea, vomiting

32
Q

Acute appendicitis

A

inflammation of the veriform appendix due to an obstruction with stool or a twisting of the organ or its blood supply

33
Q

Complaints associated with acute appendicitis

A

lower RIGHT quadrant pain, fever

34
Q

appendix bursts causing

A

peritonitis

35
Q

4 major mechanical causes of intestinal obstructions

A
  1. herniation of a segment in the umbilical or inguinal 2. adhesion between loops of intestines 3. volvulus 4. intussusception
36
Q

does the defecation reflex involve the brain?

A

no

37
Q

defecation reflex

A

spinal cord mediated parasymp reflex that causes the walls of the sigmoid colon and the rectum to contract and the internal anal sphincter to relax

38
Q

GI tract bleeding can be evidence of:

A

trauma to GI structures, blood vessel abnormalities or disorders in blood clotting.

39
Q

Blood in the vomitus

A

hematemesis

40
Q

Bright red stool means bleeding is in

A

lower GI

41
Q

passage of black and tarry stools

A

melena

42
Q

Tarry stools usually indicate that the source of bleeding is

A

above the level of the ileocecal valve

43
Q

blood in stool only detected by chemical means

A

occult

44
Q

One of the most common cancers in the Western world

A

adenocarcinoma of the colon and rectum

45
Q

What are predisposing factors for colon cancer

A

polyps, long-standing UC, genetic factors, low fiber diet

Digestion (16 decks)

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