GI 4C- Large intestine

Question 1

Fibers of the large intestines external muscular layer are collected into longitudinal bands called____

Answer 1

teniae coli

Question 2

Formation of outpouchings between teniae

Answer 2

haustra

Question 3

The mucosa of the large intestines lacks

Answer 3

villi

Question 4

Parts that compose the colon

Answer 4

cecum, ascending colon, hepatic flexure, transverse colon, splenic flexure, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum

Question 5

Absorptive, Goblet, Endocrine and regenerative cells compose the______ in the intestines

Answer 5

Crypts of Lieberkuhn

Question 6

Basic functions of the large intestines

Answer 6

Propulsion and storage of unabsorbed material, home to flora, absorb water and electrolytes, defecation

Question 7

How many species of bacteria are found in the large intestines?

Answer 7

500

Question 8

Established roles of intestinal flora include:

Answer 8

1. Fermentation of undigestible dietary fiber to generate fatty acids 2. Create environment inhospitable to pathogens 3. metabolism of various compounds 4. Creation of Vitamin K, B12 and folic acid

Question 9

What is the pH of poo

Answer 9

5.0-7.0

Question 10

Diarrhea is caused by 4 distinct mechanisms:

Answer 10

1. increased osmotic load 2. increased secretion 3. inflammation 4. decreased absorption time

Question 11

This occurs when unabsorbable, water-soluble solutes remain in the bowel, where they retain water

Answer 11

osmotic diarrhea

Question 12

What can cause osmotic diarrhea

Answer 12

sugar intolerance, poorly absorbed salts, certain fruits

Question 13

This occurs when the small and large bowel secrete more electrolytes and water than they absorb

Answer 13

secretory diarrhea

Question 14

What can cause secretory diarrhea

Answer 14

bacterial toxins, enteropathogenic viruses, bile acids, unabsorbed dietary fat

Question 15

This occurs with several mucosal diseases that cause mucosal inflammation, ulceration or tumefaction. This results in increased fecal bulk and fluid content

Answer 15

exudative diarrhea

Question 16

decreased absorption time

Answer 16

When chyme is not in contact with an adequate absorptive surface of the GI tract so that too much water remains in the feces

Question 17

What happens when your best friend puts too much exlax in your drink?

Answer 17

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b7l6jg4Hlog

Question 18

Common causes of constipation

Answer 18

failure to poop when prompted, poor fiber, poor hydration, weak abdominal muscles, pregnancy, hemorrhoids

Question 19

Which drugs cause constipation

Answer 19

opiates, anti-cholinergic agents, calcium channel blockers, diuretics, iron supplements, antacids

Question 20

GI disorder characterized by a variable combination of chronic and recurrent intestinal symptoms

Answer 20

irritable bowl syndrome

Question 21

What is the hallmark of IBS

Answer 21

abdominal pain relieved by defection and a change in consistency or frequency of stools

Question 22

What is believed to cause IBS

Answer 22

dysregulation of intestinal motor and sensory functions modulated by the CNS

Question 23

Where can the cobble stone appearing mucosa appear

Answer 23

Intestines and mouth

Question 24

What do flatulence of a patient with IBS sound like

Answer 24

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7ZioxlZhyrM

Question 25

Inflammatory bowl disease is used to designate two related inflammatory intestinal disorders _____ and \_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 25

Crohn disease and ulcerative colitis

Question 26

What are the similarities between Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis

Answer 26

produce inflammation of the bowel, lack confirming evidence of a proven causative agent, can be accompanied by systemic manifestations

Question 27

Crohn disease has _____ lesions

Answer 27

Skip lesions

Question 28

A condition in which the mucosal layer of the colon herniates through the muscularis layer from high intraluminal pressure

Answer 28

diverticulosis

Question 29

What is trapped in the colon for patients with diverticulosis

Answer 29

diverticula

Question 30

Diverticulitis

Answer 30

inflammed diverticula

Question 31

Diverticulitis most common symptoms

Answer 31

lower LEFT quadrant pain, nausea, vomiting

Question 32

Acute appendicitis

Answer 32

inflammation of the veriform appendix due to an obstruction with stool or a twisting of the organ or its blood supply

Question 33

Complaints associated with acute appendicitis

Answer 33

lower RIGHT quadrant pain, fever

Question 34

appendix bursts causing

Answer 34

peritonitis

Question 35

4 major mechanical causes of intestinal obstructions

Answer 35

1. herniation of a segment in the umbilical or inguinal 2. adhesion between loops of intestines 3. volvulus 4. intussusception

Question 36

does the defecation reflex involve the brain?

Answer 36

no

Question 37

defecation reflex

Answer 37

spinal cord mediated parasymp reflex that causes the walls of the sigmoid colon and the rectum to contract and the internal anal sphincter to relax

Question 38

GI tract bleeding can be evidence of:

Answer 38

trauma to GI structures, blood vessel abnormalities or disorders in blood clotting.

Question 39

Blood in the vomitus

Answer 39

hematemesis

Question 40

Bright red stool means bleeding is in

Answer 40

lower GI

Question 41

passage of black and tarry stools

Answer 41

melena

Question 42

Tarry stools usually indicate that the source of bleeding is

Answer 42

above the level of the ileocecal valve

Question 43

blood in stool only detected by chemical means

Answer 43

occult

Question 44

One of the most common cancers in the Western world

Answer 44

adenocarcinoma of the colon and rectum

Question 45

What are predisposing factors for colon cancer

Answer 45

polyps, long-standing UC, genetic factors, low fiber diet