GI 3C - Anatomy & Physiology of the Gallbladder

Question 1

What is the flow of bile from the hepatocytes to the gallbladder?

Answer 1

1. Hepatocyte 2. Bile canaliculi 3. R/L hepatic duct 4. Common hepatic duct 5. Cystic duct 6. Gallbladder

Question 1

What anatomical structure regulates the release of bile into the duodenum?

Answer 1

Sphincter of Oddi

Question 1

What does CCK stimulate?

Answer 1

contraction of gallbladder relaxation of sphincter of Oddi

Question 3

T/F Does the gallbladder produce bile?

Answer 3

NO - it is only a storage organ

Question 4

When do gallstones cause symptoms?

Answer 4

when they obstruct bile flow

Question 5

What three factors are involved in the formation of cholesterol stones?

Answer 5

1. bile stasis (sludge) 2. supersaturation of bile with cholesterol 3. inflammation

Question 6

What is the function of the gallbladder?

Answer 6

Storage and modification of bile

Question 7

What are symptoms seen when stones enter the common bile duct?

Answer 7

indigestion, biliary colic

Question 8

Pain of acute cholecystitis can radiate to what parts of the body?

Answer 8

R shoulder/scapula or thoracic/lumbar back

Question 9

What does Ach stimulate?

Answer 9

Contraction of the gallbladder

Question 9

What is biliary colic?

Answer 9

gallbladder contracting in response to hormonal or neural stimulation forcing a stone against the gallbladder outlet or cystic duct opening causing increased intra-gallbladder pressure and RUQ pain

Question 10

What is a cannula?

Answer 10

instrument used in laparoscopic surgery

Question 12

What does secretin stimulate?

Answer 12

ion & water secretion by the bile ducts

Question 12

Chronic cholecystitis is associated with the presence of _______ and is thought to be the result of _________ irritation or recurrent attacks of acute cholecystitis leading to __________ and ________ of the gallbladder

Answer 12

gallstones mechanical fibrosis thickening

Question 13

What is the size of gallstones that are able to pass into the common bile duct?

Answer 13

small stones < 8mm

Question 14

Larger stones are more likely to do what?

Answer 14

obstruct flow cause jaundice

Question 15

During interdigestive periods that gallbladder can fill because it is ________ and the sphincter of Oddi is _________

Answer 15

relaxed closed

Question 16

What factors make people more susceptible to developing gallstones?

Answer 16

age: age 50-65 sex: women more common pregnancy: sex hormones oral contraceptive use family history/genetics obesity rapid weight loss diabetes

Question 18

What is chronic cholecystitis?

Answer 18

chronic inflammatory cell infiltration of the gallbladder seen on histopathology

Question 19

What is a long-term consequence of not having a gallbladder?

Answer 19

common bile duct becomes somewhat dilated, and more bile tends to enter the duodenum after meals than at other times

Question 21

What are the most common complications of cholecystitis?

Answer 21

gallbladder gangrene (205) perforation (2%)

Question 22

What is the most common type of gallstones in the US/Europe?

Answer 22

cholesterol stones (905)

Question 23

What is a laparoscopic cholecystectomy?

Answer 23

surgical removal of the gallbladder

Question 24

What is the term used to describe the presence of gallstones?

Answer 24

Cholelithiasis

Question 25

What is the syndrome of the RUQ accompanied by pain, fever, leukocytosis and gallbadder inflammation?

Answer 25

Acute Cholecystitis

Question 26

What types of SNS receptors does the gallbladder contain?

Answer 26

Beta-2