GI 1C- Salivation Flashcards
The principal salivary glands are _________, _________ and _________. In addition, there are several small buccal glands.
Parotid Submandibular Sublingual
What are the normal ranges of daily salivary secretion?
800-1500 mL
What are 3 important functions of saliva?
- Lubrication and digestion of good 2. Enhance speech, taste & swallowing 3. Helps dissolve and wash out food particles from between teeth
A patient who cannot produce saliva, known as _________, suffer from increased risk of caries and infections/inflammation
Xerostomia
What are common causes of xerostomia?
- Drugs 2. Disease (Sjogren’s syndrome, HIV/AIDS, diabetes, Parkinson’s) 3. Head/Neck trauma 4. Radiation therapy
The basic unit of a salivary gland consists of what 3 things?
Acinus, intercalated duct and striated duct
The ________ is comprised of a central lumen surrounded by pyramidal-shaped cells.
Acinus
Each acinus and intercalated ducts are surrounded by a layer of ____________ cells. When stimulated by neural input, these cells contract to eject saliva into the mouth
Myoepithelial
3 classifications of acini:
serous, mucous, mixed
Name the type of acinar for the parotid, submandibular, sublingual and minor salivary glands?
serous, mixed, mucous, mucous
A serous saliva is _________ while a mucous saliva is ________ and more ________.
watery; thicker and more viscous
What percentage of saliva is contributed by the parotid, submandibular and sublingual glands?
25, 71, 3-4
What are the names of the ducts for the parotid, submandibular and sublingual glands?
Parotid: Stensen’s duct Submandibular: Wharton’s duct Sublingual: Ducts of Rivinus (10 small ducts)
How is the Ducts of Rivinus different than the Stensen’s and Wharton’s ducts?
It is not a single dominant duct, but rather 10 small ducts that exit on at the floor of the mouth
Saliva is composed of ___ % water and ___ % electrolytes & protein.
99%; 0.5%
What are the 3 most important salivary proteins and their functions?
Salivary (alpha)-amylase: begins carbohydrate digestion Lingual lipase: begins digestion of lipids in stomach Mucins: mix with water to become mucus to lubricate food.
Salivary (alpha)-amylase hydrolyzes INTERNAL _____ linkages. It does not cleave TERMINAL _____ or _____ linkages.
(alpha) 1,4; (alpha) 1,4 or (alpha) 1,6
3 specialized constituents of saliva have antibacterial actions: _________ attacks bacterial cell walls. _________ chelates Fe, preventing multiplication of organisms that require it for growth. _________ is active against certain viruses and bacteria.
Lysozyme; Lactoferrin; IgA
What are the benefits of a normal oral cavity flora?
- Prevent colonization of pathogens by competing for attachments sites & essential nutrients 2. Antagonize other bacteria through production of substances that inhibit or kill non-idigenous species 3. Stimulate the production of cross-reactive antibodies ( induce antibody-mediated response)
What are the common bacterial species of the normal oral cavity flora?
streptococci, lactobacilli, staphylococci, corynebacteria & bacteroides
Saliva also contains ______ _______ (particularly HCO3) that can neutralize acids created by bacteria and dental plaque. This acid can cause tooth _______. Saliva also contains minerals, _____ and _____ that help the tooth remineralization process to occur
buffering agents; demineralization/decay; Ca & P
Plaque pH falls when carbohydrates are consumed. It can drop to 5.5 when within 5-10 minutes which leads to demineralization & tooth decay. What does saliva do to combat this? How does fluoride help?
Neutralizes acids and helps repair enamel by replacing the lost minerals (remineralization); fluoride enhances saliva’s role in the remineralization process.
Salivary secretion is under ______ control
neural
The continuous, spontaneous secretion of saliva, even in the absence of apparent stimuli, is due to constant low-;eve; stimulation by the ___________ nerve endings. This basal secretion is important in keeping the mouth and pharynx ______ at all times.
parasympathetic; moist
