GI 2B- Pathology of the Stomach

Question 1

Oral manifestations of pernicious anemia include:

Answer 1

-Erythema and atrophy of the dorsal tongue -Burning macular, mucosal lesions

Question 1

What drug can you use to supplement B12

Answer 1

Nascobal

Question 2

How does the H. pylori survive in the stomach

Answer 2

production of urease which neutralizes the stomach acid

Question 2

Can chewing tabacco cause vomiting?

Answer 2

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fC89cgK5Sp0

Question 3

For digestion to occur without the stomach, what 3 conditions must be met?

Answer 3

1. Food must be eaten in very small amounts, very frequently 2. vitamin B12 supplements must be taken 3. eat properly cleaned food

Question 4

Symptoms of acute gastritis

Answer 4

anorexia, nausea, emesis, and transient pain that disappears once causative agent is removed

Question 5

Retching

Answer 5

“dry heaves” spasmodic respiratory movements conducted with close glottis. Antrum of the stomach contracts and the funds and cardia relax

Question 7

Acute gastritis

Answer 7

most commonly associated with local irritants such as bacterial endotoxins, alcohol, aspiring, and NSAIDs.

Question 7

Chronic gastritis

Answer 7

atrophy of the glandular epithelium of the stomach

Question 8

What area of the brain located bilaterally on the floor of the 4th ventricle controls vomiting

Answer 8

chemoreceptor trigger zone

Question 9

Gastritis

Answer 9

Inflammation of the stomach lining

Question 10

Is survival possible with complete removal of the stomach?

Answer 10

yes- pancreatic and small intestinal enzymes are adequate for full digestion (with some conditions)

Question 10

Describe the steps of vomiting

Answer 10

1. Deep breath is taken, glottis is closed and the larynx is raised to open the upper esophageal sphincter 2. Diaphragm contracts sharply downward to create negative pressure in the thorax 3. Muscles of the abdominal walls are vigorously contracted squeezing the stomach and thus elevating the intra-gastric pressure.

Question 11

The forceful expulsion of contents of the stomach and/or the proximal small intestines

Answer 11

Vomiting, upchuck, tossing cookies, yak, spew, ralph, hurl, Mouth poop, drop chowder, street pizza, Havana omelet

Question 12

What is the commander-in-chief of vomiting

Answer 12

Bilateral vomiting centers

Question 14

Inadequate absorption of vitamin B12 causes _____ ______

Answer 14

pernicious anemia

Question 15

hiatal hernia can increase the risk of ______

Answer 15

GERD

Question 16

Nausea

Answer 16

decreased gastric motility and increased tone in small intestines. Often reversed peristalsis

Question 17

Causes of vomiting

Answer 17

1. GI tract- bacterial toxins, alcohol 2. Central nervous system- psychogenic factors (smells, sights) pain, motion 3. Therapeutic agents- cancer chemotherapy, morphine, antibiotics, NSAIDs 4. metabolic disorders- ketoacidosis, renal failure 5. Pregnancy- causes unknown but could be hormonal changes

Question 19

In addition to its digestive functions, the stomach is also important in the production of _____ ______

Answer 19

intrinsic factor (IF)

Question 20

Pernicious anemia is characterized by the appearance of ____ in the blood stream

Answer 20

megaloblasts

Question 21

IF binds to ____ in the small intestines

Answer 21

vitamin B12

Question 22

Most common form of chronic gastritis

Answer 22

Helicobacter pylori

Question 24

Portion of the stomach prolapses through the diaphragmatic or esophageal hiatus

Answer 24

Hiatal Hernia

Question 25

Who is friends with KayLee Barker?

Answer 25

This guy

Question 26

Vomiting can have serious consequences including:

Answer 26

1. acid-base disorders 2. volume and electrolyte depleting 3. malnutrition 4. aspiration pneumonia

Question 27

Vomiting is usually experienced as the grand finale following what three events:

Answer 27

1. Nausea 2. Retching 3. Emesis or vomiting

Question 28

Predispositions for hiatal hernia

Answer 28

-Women -muscle weakening -fiber depleted diets -obesity -abdominal ascites