GI 12 &13: Oncology Flashcards
Most common oral tumor in dogs
Malignant melanoma
Second most common oral tumor in dogs
Squamous cell carcinoma
Third most common oral tumor in dogs
Fibrosarcoma
Fourth most common oral tumour in dogs
epulids AKA Peripheral odontogenic fibroma
Most common oral tumor in cats and prognosis
Squamous cell carcinoma, prognosis = poor
Second most common oral tumor in cats
Fibrosarcoma
Between SCC and fibrosarcoma, which is epithelial on origin? mesenchymal?
SCC =E
fibrosarcoma=M
Which dog oral tumour has high metastatic risk?
malignant melanoma
Pain on opening the mouth in dogs might indicate SCC in which region?
Tonsils
briefly describe the biopsy
physical approach for oral tumors in pets
Intraoral approach to avoid seeding the tumor into the skin
what is the tx of metastatic melanoma
surgery +/- radiation
what si the most common cause of death in a malignant melanoma
metastasis
Which SCC has a higher metastatic rate: rostral tumours or tonsillar tumours?
tonsillar=higher
rostral=lower
Tonsillar SCC in dogs is more common in which areas: urban or rural?
Urban areas
Surgical treatment for tonsillar SCC in dogs
bilateral Tonsillectomy
[since its usually metastasised]
what type of tumour is more common in Lighter colored dogs (Shar pei, Chow Chow, Labradors)
lingual SCC
Is metastasis or local disease a bigger issue in fibrosarcomas?
Local disease
Between melanoma and fibrosarcoma, which is large breed dogs? Which is small breed?
fibro-large
melan-small
Fibrosarcoma in dogs - histological and biological grade
Some tumors can be histologically low grade, but biologically high grade
Fibrosarcoma in dogs:
metastasis?
treatment?
Low metastatic rate
tx via sx but can be diffucult depending on location
How is the prognosis for peripheral odontogenic fibroma?
why?
good
does not invade bone: conservative sx. radiosensitive. benign and slow growing
Acanthomatous ameloblastoma: characteristics and treatment
Locally aggressive, often invades bone, treatment via surgery, no metastasis
Metastatic rate of fibrosarcoma in cats (high or low)
Low
How is SCC prognosis in cats?
poor
Most common site of SCC in cats
Sublingual region
Risk factors for oral SCC in cats
Passive smoking
wearing flea collars
Diet -> canned food, dental hygiene
Types of oral tumors in cats: proliferative or
ulcerative
Prognosis for SCC in cats
Poor outcome, survival <3 months
Cause of death in cats with fibrosarcoma
Local recurrence
are oesopageal tumours common in animals?
no
what is nematode linked to esophageal sarcoma
Spirocerca lupi
Most common gastric tumor in dogs
Adenocarcinoma
Gastric adenocarcinoma in dogs usually arises in which part of the stomach (fundus, pylorus…)
Pylorus
Gastric adenocarcinoma - metastatic rate (HIGH OR LOW)
High
is leiomyoma common in old or young dogs?
hows the metastatis rate?
More common in very old dogs, metastatic rate is high
Gastro-intestinal stromal tumor arises from which cells?
Interstitial cells of Cajal
What si the major tx for GI tumours?
surgery
(however, often not feasible)
Anemia due to gastric cancer is characterized as
(micro or macro?
(hyper or hypo?
Microcytic, hypochromic
Prognosis for gastric lymphoma in cats
Poor
Most common small intestinal tumor in dogs and cats
Lymphoma
Clinical signs of small intestinal tumors
Can result from a mass effect:
obstruction and failure of absorption
chronic diarrhea
Clinical signs of alimentary lymphoma in cats
Mainly weight loss and chronic diarrhea
3 types of alimentary lymphoma in cats AND what cell type they r
- LGAL = T-cell ;;low grade
- I/HGAL = B-cell ;; high grade
- LGL = T-cell/NK-cell
Which one of the 3 types of feline alimentary lymphomas has the best prognosis?
- LGAL
its a small cell lymphoma, rest are large/intermediate
What are the 4 types of SI tumours?
adenocarcinoma/adenoma
leiomyoma/leiomyosarcoma
GI stromal tumours
lymphoma
what si the treatment type for the 4 kinds of SI tumours?
(sx/chemo)
Surgery: adenocarcinoma, leiomyoma/leiomyosarcoma, gastrointestinal stromal tumors
chemotherapy: lymphoma
Prognosis for intestinal MCT of cats
rlly bad
2 types of perianal tumors
- Sebaceous (Hepatoid) perianal adenoma/adenocarcinoma
- Apocrine gland (anal sac) adenocarcinoma
which type of perianal tumour is associated with hypercalcaemia and mroe in females?
- Apocrine gland (anal sac) adenocarcinoma
Most common anal tumor in dogs
sebacious hepatoid Perianal adenoma
[not adenocarcinoma]
Treatment for sebaceous adenomas
What would you add if it was a sebaceous adenocarcinoma?
Surgery + castration of intact male dogs
adenocarcinoma needs regional lymph node removal
Treatment for apocrine gland anal sac adenocarcinoma
Surgery +/- radiotherapy & chemotherapy based on metastasis
Hepato-biliary tumors :
prevalence?
difference in dogs vs cats?
Rare
more common in dogs
but in cats more likely to be malignant
Most common hepato-biliary tumors in cats?
dogs?
Cats -> biliary cystadenoma
Dogs -> hepatocellular carcinoma
Most resectable type of hepato-biliary tumors
Massive tumors [solitary mass in single lobe]
other two types: nodular and diffuse
Clinical signs of hepato-biliary tumors
post hepatic Jaundice
Ascites
Hypoglycemia
hepatic Encephalopathy
Most common tumor of the EXOcrine pancreas
Adenocarcinoma
Most common tumor of the ENDOcrine pancreas
Insulinoma
AKA canine islet B cell tumour
What is the only treatment for pancreatic adenocarcinomas?
sx
Clinical signs of insulinoma
hypoglycemia due to elevated insulin levels
Treatment of choice for insulinoma
additionally, what are some offlisence drugs that can be used in inulinoma tx?
Surgery
diazoxide
octreotide
Common species for insulinoma aside from dogs and cats
Ferrets
Gastrinoma - produces which substance?
Gastrin
Glucagonoma - arises from which cells?
Pancreatic alpha cells [glucagon producing cells]
