GG - China Flashcards
What is CHina’s Africa policy and when wa it implemented?
2006 - Offical Chinese governement paper to promote economic and polictical co-operation through ‘soft power’.
Where does China use hard power?
In the Spratley Islands in the South China Sea, by building military bases on coral reefs. This extends Chinas surrounding sea control from 12 to 200km around each island, so they can access the OIL! Plus have strategics control of the shipping.
Where is soft power used?
Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in Africa building new infrastructure.
Give figures for trade between Africa and China…
$3bn in 1995 $215bn - 2014 - PEAK
$32bn in 2005 $128bn fall due to weak commodity
prices
1/3 of C energy is coming from Africa- Angola C largest supplier
Give specific examples of FDI
GHANA- Bui Dam 1/2 repayment in cocoa
CONGO- River Dam - $250m cost repayment in oil
Talk about the optimistic South- South development…
As a former LEDC C understands what A needs, so they can help them develop faster than Western nations.
What has China done in UGANDA?
Projects such as developing oilfields containing 3.5bn barrels,
- power generation- 4 HEP plants
- 600 Mega wat dam
- paving 21 roads (bottom up)
- donated medical equipment + built ICT Systems.
How has globalisation enabled China to help?
Flows of people,finance,tech, resources and goods can help the countries mutually benefit.
How has China demonstrated its in the New Scramble for Africa…
There are 2000 deals, $3bn in loans, $2bn in export credits, doubled imports from African nations.
How has C helped in Nigeria and Angola?
Given $2.3bn for 45% shore of offshore oil +anti-malarial medicine. Angola as received $5.8bn no strings attached aid to repair its war torn infrastructure.
What is the 2nd wave of Chinese Expansion in Africa?
Began in the mid 90s = 9%annual development. 40% oil demand. In 2004 FDI = $135
Neo-colonism or -S-S development?
How is Cs Relationship with SUDAN controverisal?
China is trading with countries that the EU is putting trade-blocs against, with brutal dictatorships. China will always benefit more. C is trading with SUDAN, despite it being under UN sanctions. $3bn FDI ft C and 4000 troops guarding oil pipelines. But nearly 80% of Sudans oil revenues are going to weaponry +70% of exports going to China
Why is oil another motivation for investing in Africa?
Cs gettin oil from:SUDAN, ANGOLA,NIGERIA etc
this is due to a large domestic increase in oil demand from 10% to 66% so it really needs oil!! 30% of C energy is from ANGOLA, giving $2bn for 10,000 barrels of oil.
How is China’s interaction interfering with TNC’s…
Mining companies are finding it impossible to compete with huge incentives given by C $10bn on infrastructure in Africa annually since 2006.
Give examples of AID:
-2006 KENYA-£20m to modernise state runs railways
-Health and education aid with 15,000 chinese doctors +600 teachers
-1500 peace keeping troops in Sub Suharan African
OFTEN WITH STRINGS ATTACHED!
What are the COSTS of C investment?
- Chinese traders are undercutting A market because of huge numbers of sales in clothing,electronics and plastics.
- Allegations of working conditions in C owned factories
- Worries about C environmental footprint.
- C firms use C not local labour.
Benefits of C investment?
Since the 1960s nearly 150000 have been treated by C doctors. ITS diversifying manufacturing.
What is the worry over C influence in foreign policy…
Chad has recognized Beying as the sole government of C. Only 4 countries still recognise Taiwan, the others are isolating it.
What is the Ethopian Road Project?
C is building 10 new roads in heh Capital Addis Ababa. Africian labourers work 11hrs for $2 a day. This looks like exploitation, however local WOMEN and men are also involved in skilled positions ie surveyors.
Describe C international migration…
Chinese emigratants live on every inhabital continent, with 4.7 in N America. Peru has a 1.3m population in a small country due to mining.
What is China’s largest migration?
Rural to urban 200m moved, due to GLOBALISATION +demand for mass produced goods. Shenzhen,Pudong and Bejing has seen some of the highest migration figures. Shenzhen=tiny coastal town in 1978 now 15m+ mega-city in 2020.
What are the ANTI-FLOWS in CHina?
- Great Firewall of China - online censorship begun in the 1990s, filtering Facebook Google, keywords, plus VPNs.
- The Golden Shield- domestic surveillance set up in 1998 by the Ministry of Public Security-fines,arrests,lawsuits..
- 2010 Lio Xiobo got the World Peace Prize for fighting against the C government, wasnt published in C.
How does the Coronavirus affect China?
It reverses open flows, with Wuhan shutdown as a city and many airports closed. The US has put travel bans of tourists from C. CC and urbanisation have destroyed animals habitats bringing diseased animals closer to humans. Swine flu 2009 was carried by pigs.
What is Sangxia Umbrella City?
70% of umbrellas are made in China, half a bn are made in 1200 factories in Sangxia. A worker makes 300 daily.Advantages: specialisation-all kinds are made there
-access to international and domestic markets.
