Germany more detailed

Question 1

Spartacist Uprising- January 1919

4 things

Answer 1

.1) Uprising by communist group (The Spartacus League) set up by Rosa Luxembourg and Karl Liebknecht.

2) They were defeated by the Freikorps, so communists hated social democrats
3) 50,000 workers went on strike and demonstrated in the centre of Berlin
4) They wanted to overthrow the Weimar Republic

Question 2

Treaty of Versailles- June 1919

8 things

Answer 2

1) Article 231 of the treaty said Germany had to take the blame for the war- War Guilt Clause.
2) Germany’s armed forces were reduced to 100000 men and the navy was cut to 15000 with only 6 battleships
3) Germany weren’t allowed to have submarines, tanks or an air force.
4) Germany lost 13% of land and about 6 million people there- the lost land had important materials (coal).
5) Germany split in two to give Poland access to the sea.
6) German troops were not allowed in the Rhineland – so French felt safe
7) All German’s overseas colonies were taken
8) They had to pay £6600 million in reparations

Question 3

The Weimar Republic came to power- early 1919

4 things

Answer 3

1) It was elected by proportional representation
2) A lot of parties so hard to make decisions
3) Reichstag- the new German parliament
4) President- elected every 7 years, head of army, chooses the chancellor.

Question 4

President Ebert- 1919

2 things

Answer 4

1) He became the first president with chancellor- Scheidemann
2) He was the leader of the social democratic party

Question 5

Kaiser Wilhelm abdicated- November 1918

2 things

Answer 5

1) He ruled Germany as a monarch

2) But there was a period of violent unrest after the 1st world war so he was forced to abdicate

Question 6

World war 1- 1914- 11th November 1918

2 things

Answer 6

1) It caused serious food and other resources shortages, like fuel.
2) Germany and their allies weren’t allowed to take part in the talks

Question 7

Hitler joins the German Worker’s Party- November 1919

3 things

Answer 7

.1) He couldn’t accept Germany had lost the war

2) So joined the German Worker’s party led by Anton Drexler
3) It was very small and Hitler was their 55th member

Question 8

Kapp Putsch- March 1920

3 things

Answer 8

1) Some right-wing Freikorps led by Wolfgang Kapp revolted in Berlin and formed a new government
2) However many worker’s striked, so Kapp gave up
3) The government

Question 9

Hitler became party leader and renamed the party “The National Socialist German Workers’ Party (Nazi Party)- March 1920
2 things

Answer 9

1) Hitler was a charismatic speaker and attracted new members
2) So he became leader.

Question 10

Hitler set up the SA- 1921

1 thing

Answer 10

1) They were brown-shirted Stormtroopers who protected Nazi leaders and harassed their opponents.

Question 11

Occupation of the Ruhr- 1923-1925

3 things

Answer 11

1) Germany couldn’t pay their reparations so France and Belgium occupated the Ruhr to take resources instead.
2) Workers were told to not work and were still paid by the government
3) This meant their economy died.

Question 12

Hyperinflation- 1923

4 things

Answer 12

1) Occupation of the Ruhr lead to hyperinflation
2) Production can’t keep up with the amount of money there is, so money loses value
3) The currency became worthless and became unusable
4) Middle classes lost savings

Question 13

Stresemann become Chancellor- August 1923

9 things

Answer 13

.1) He helped to bring the Golden years

2) Be told workers in the Ruhr to work
3) He accepted the Dawes plan and introduced the Rentenmark
4) The troops then left the Ruhr
5) He agreed to the Locarno treaty
6) Germany joined the league of nations
7) He agreed to the Kellogg-Briand pact
8) The Young plan
9) Some big industries began to recover

Question 14

Beer Hall Putsch or Munich Putsch- November 1923

6 things

Answer 14

1) Ritter von Kahr was the Bavarian leader wanted to break away from Germany and make Bavaria an independent country, he wanted to Hitler to join him and not march on Berlin.
2) Hitler decided not to join Kahr but still needed his support
3) So when Kahr was held a public meeting in a beer hall in Munich and forced him to announce his support for the revolution.
4) A well-known war hero Ludendorff also convinced the audience that Hitler was serious.
5) However then Kahr went back on his promise, But Hitler had to go ahead and march through Munich.
6) Armed police blocked their way to the city and shot them. Nazis were killed and a lot injures and Hitler and Ludendorff were arrested.

Question 15

Stresemann calls off passive resistance in Ruhr- November 1923
1 thing

Answer 15

1) He told the workers to go back to work

Question 16

Hitler’s trial- February 1924

2 htings

Answer 16

1) The trial was very public so spread Hitler’s views

2) He was charged with high treason

Question 17

Mein Kampf written- 1924

1 thing

Answer 17

1) He wrote the book to describe his beliefs and ambitions for the future

Question 18

Change in Nazi policy-mid 1920s

3things

Answer 18

1) Because the German economy was recovering, general support for the Nazis declined and overturning the government no longer seemed realistic.
2) He tried to gain power through the democratic system.
3) They extended the party nationally

Question 19

Dawes plan- April 1924

2 things

Answer 19

1) France, Britain and USA agreed that Germany could pay as much as it could afford each year.
2) USA gave Germany a loan to help them

Question 20

Von Hindenburg elected as president- 1925

1 thing

Answer 20

1) He was elected

Question 21

Locarno treaty- 1925

1 thing

Answer 21

1) Where the western borders of Germany were agreed.

Question 22

Kelogg-Briand pact- 1928

1 thing

Answer 22

1) They promised not to use violence to settle disputes

Question 23

Germany join league of nations- 1926

1 thing

Answer 23

1) They joined it, so have bigger say in big decisons

Question 24

Rentenmark replaces Marks- 1924

2 things

Answer 24

1) To mke the currency more stable and recover from hyperinflation
2) But a lot of people lost their savings

Question 25

Wall Street Crash- October 1929

3 things

Answer 25

1) A massive stock market crash in the USA, which started a global economic depression.
2) USA couldn’t pay them loans and demanded the loans they had paid back
3) So German companies which had borrowed money went bankrupt

Question 26

The Great Depression- 1929 onwards

3 things

Answer 26

1) This lead to unemployment
2) So many people lost their homes and lived in poverty
3) The Nazi party used the Great Depression to increase their popularity

Question 27

The Young Plan - 1929

2 things

Answer 27

1) It replaced the Dawes plan

2) Reparations would be reduced by three-quarters of the amount and they were given 59 years to pay them

Question 28

1930 Election - 107 seats

3 things

Answer 28

1) Nazis went from 12 to 107 seats
2) They promised prosperity and strong leadership
3) Some people also agrees with their anti-communist and anti-Jewish message

Question 29

July 1932 Elections

4 things

Answer 29

1) Chancellor Heinrich Bruning couldn’t control the Reichstag so had to rule by emergency decree.
2) President Hindenburg had to stand for re-election and narrowly beat Hitler
3) Hindenburg appointed von Papen as chancellor
4) In the July 1932 elections Nazis won 230 seats- the biggest party, but didn’t have majority. So Hitler demanded to become chancellor but Hindenburg refused and kept von Papen.

Question 30

Reichstag Fire- February 1933

2 things

Answer 30

1. The Reichstag was set on fire

2. This was blamed on the communist party

Question 31

New Elections – 5th March 1933

6 things

Answer 31

.1) Nazis controlled the news media

2) Opposition meetings were banned
3) They used the SA to terrorise opponents
4) Hitler blamed the Reichstag fire on the communists and made mass arrests of them. This built up opposition towards the communists.
5) Hitler used the emergency decree to deal with this and used these powers to intimidate communist voters
6) They won 44% of the vote

Question 32

Enabling Act- March 1933

2 things

Answer 32

1. This allowed Hitler to pass laws without going through the Reichstag or the President
2. They passed this law and Germany became a dictatorship

Question 33

Trade unions- May 1933

2 things

Answer 33

1) Trade unions were taken over and union leaders arrested

2) They all merged into one party The German Labour Front which the Nazis controlled (DAF)

Question 34

Political parties banned- July 1933

2 things

Answer 34

1) A law was passed to ban people from forming new political parties
2) The social democrats and the communists were banned

Question 35

Night of the long knives- June 1934

3 things

Answer 35

1) The SA were killed by the Nazis because Hitler saw them as a risk
2) The leader Ernst Rohm who controlled the SA, Strasser and von Schleicher were also killed
3) It sent a message to Germany about how ruthless Hitler was in his pursuit of power

Question 36

Death of Hindenburg- August 1934

2 things

Answer 36

1) Hindenburg died so Hitler made himself president as well as chancellor
2) He was now the undisputed head of government

Question 37

Army Oath- August 1934

2 things

Answer 37

1) The army took an oath of personal loyalty to Hitler.

2) He was now the supreme commander of the armed forces

Question 38

Concentration camps opened- March 1933

1 thing

Answer 38

.1) They began to open and spread across Germany

Question 39

Local governments reorganised – April 1933

3 things

Answer 39

1) Germany was now reorganised into a number of provinces- a Gau, with a Gauleiter- a loyal Nazi in charge of each
2) Above them were the Reichsleiters who advised Hitler- Himmler and Goebbels
3) Every aspect of life was controlled by the Nazis

Question 40

Concordat – June 1933

2 things

Answer 40

1) It was an agreement with the Catholic Church, to say each side would not interfere with each other
2) Hitler tried to unite the Protestant churches into one Reich Church, but some Church member split off and formed the Confessing church

Question 41

The Nuremberg Laws- September 1935

4 things

Answer 41

1) Stopped the Jews from being German citizens
2) They banned marriage between Jews and non-Jews in Germany
3) They also banned sexual relationships between non-Jews and Jews
4) Many Jews went into exile

Question 42

Kristallnacht- November 1938

5 things

Answer 42

1) Jew murdered a German diplomat in Paris in November 19398
2) This gave a reason for an attack on Jews
3) Thousands of Jewish shops were smashed and thousands of Jews were arrested
4) Goebbels made a speech saying the Jews should pay before the violence
5) He also received reports on what was happening but did nothing about it

Question 43

WWII- September 1939

1 thing

Answer 43

1) It began and invasions of Poland and Russia brought more Jews under Nazi control.

Question 44

Jews are moved to Ghettos- 1940

2 things

Answer 44

1) The idea of deporting all Jews from Europe to a Jewish reservation was dropped
2) Instead they were moved into ghettos- small areas of the city where Jews were forced to live in overcrowded and unsanitary conditions.

Question 45

The final solution- 1942

4 things

Answer 45

1) It was the plan to destroy Jewish people
2) Death camps were built in Eastern Europe with gas chambers for mass murder
3) Slavs, Romani, black people. Homosexuals, disabled people and communists were also targeted as well as Jews
4) Heinrich Himmler was in charge of the final solution

Question 46

Himmler

3 things

Answer 46

1) He was the chief of the German police
2) He was in charge of the SS (the bodyguard for Hitler)
3) He was also in charge of the Gestapo (the secret police

Question 47

Eichmann

1 thing

Answer 47

1) He was put in charge of dealing with the Jews that came under German control during the 2nd world war.

Question 48

Stresemann

1 thing

Answer 48

1) He became German chancellor in 1923 and helped to bring about the Golden Years for the Weimar Republic. Until he died in October 1929.

Question 49

Von Papen

2 things

Answer 49

1) He was appointed chancellor by Hindenburg but was then replaced by von Schleicher
2) He persuaded Hindenburg to make Hitler chancellor as he wanted to be Vice-chancellor. But he couldn’t control Hitler

Question 50

President Ebert

3 things

Answer 50

1) He became the president in the new government in 1919
2) He was the leader of the Social Democratic party
3) His Chancellor was Scheidemann

Question 51

President Hindenburg

1 thing

Answer 51

1) He was a war hero and was elected president in 1925 until he died on 2nd august 1934

Question 52

SA

4 things

Answer 52

1) They were called brownshirts/ Stormtroopers
2) They were led by Ernst Rohm
3) Lower class thugs- often ex-soldiers
4) They would beat opposition up, disrupt meetings and march through the streets- intimidations

Question 53

SS

4 things

Answer 53

1) They were called blackshirts
2) Led by Heinrich Himmler
3) Specialist soldiers and had to be pure Aryan
4) Had powers to arrest and imprison without trial, death squads, stop and search and investigations of undesirables

Question 54

Gestapo

5 things

Answer 54

1) They were the state secret police
2) They were led by Himmler
3) They could tap phones, check mail and enter property without permission
4) They had a network of informers
5) Had the power of arrest and imprisonment without trial

Question 55

Goebbels

1 thing

Answer 55

1) He was in charge of propaganda and controlled the media

Question 56

November 1932 elections

6 things

Answer 56

1) In the November 1932 election the Nazis lost 34 seats and seemed to be losing popularity.
2) Hindenburg replaced von Papen with Kurt von Schleicher
3) Schleicher tried to appoint Gregor Strasser as vice-chancellor because he was a big member of the Nazis and it would cause divisions within the Nazi party
4) Papen made a deal with Hitler that if he persuaded Hindenburg to make Hitler chancellor, Hitler would make Papen vice-chancellor
5) Papen persuaded Hindenburg to replace von Schleicher with Hitler as they thought they could use Hitler as a puppet.
6) But they were wrong and Hitler called for another election in 1933 to try and make the Nazi party stronger