Geriatrics Flashcards
1
Q
Multisystem changes in older adults
A
- all systems show some form of decline
- focus is on influencing progression of disease process, fall prevention and immunizations
- early detection of disease of changes and intervention to manage are key
2
Q
Effects of bed rest within 3 days
A
- bone mass loss 1.4% per day w/o wb
- max O2 uptake decreases 20-40%
- blood volume decreases by 700-800 => increased risk for thrombus formation, orthostatic hypotension
- nitrogen in urine - protein wasting in 3 days
3
Q
effects of bed rest
within a week
A
- stroke volume decreases by 10% in first week and 10% per week after
- skeletal mm mass and contractile strength and efficiency decreases 10-15% in the first week
- ventilation volume at rest decreases up to 50%
4
Q
effects of bed rest
within 3 weeks
A
- work capacity decreases by as much as 25% in 3 weeks ~ 1% per day
5
Q
concerns in older adults
A
- complex multisystem involvment
- polypharamacy
- falls
- malnutrition
- dehydration
- elder abuse
6
Q
medical diagnosis challenges
A
- atypical presentation
- CHF
- hyper/hypothryoidism
- infections
- delirium, depression, dementia
7
Q
common medical conditions of older adults
A
- hypertension
- atherosclerosis
- myocardial degeneration
- osteoporosis
- osteoarthritis
- CVA
- cancer
8
Q
common
musculoskeletal pathologies
A
- sarcopenia
- osteoporosis
- pagets disease
- osteoarthritis
- rheumatoid arthritis
- gout
- temporal arteritis and poly myalgia rheumatic
- spinal stenosis
9
Q
cardiovascular pathologies
A
- ischemic heart disease
- myocardial infarction
- cardiomyopathies
- conduction system diseases
- valve dysfunction
- hypertension
- heart failure
10
Q
respiratory pathologies
A
- infections - pneumonia, covid, RSV
- Obstructive lung disease: COPD, emphyseam, cystic fibrosis, asthma, chronic bronchitis
- restrictive lung disease: affect parenchyma, pleural or ventilatory pump-atelectasis, pulmonary edema, pulmonary fibrosis, muscular or skeletal changes
11
Q
Neurologic and neurosensory pathologies
A
- parkinsons
- cervical spondylosis
- peripheral nervous system disorders
- vestibular disorders
12
Q
endocrine pathologies
A
- diabetes mellitus
- thryoid disease
- hyper: enlarged thryoid gland, muscle weakness, weight loss, fatigue, exophthalmos, diarrhea, agitation
- hypo: dry skin, chronic myalgias, arthralgia, lethargy, confusion, weight gain, edema, depression, apathy sensitivity to sedatives,cold intolerance
